福建省莆田市2022届高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测英语试题含答案

这是一份福建省莆田市2022届高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测英语试题含答案，共21页。试卷主要包含了15等内容，欢迎下载使用。


莆田市2022届高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测试卷
英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效.
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What does the man want to be in the future now?
A. A doctor. B. An engineer. C. An astronaut.
2. What's the woman going to do during the weekend?
A. See a film. B. Prepare for a test. C. Make a plan.
3. How often do Tom's parents write to him?
A. More than once a month. B. Once a year. C. Every other month.
4. What can we know from the conversation?
A. The man washed the car. B. Tom and Peter washed the car. C. Someone else washed the car.
5. Why does the woman refuse to help the man?
A. She is busy now. B. She is poor at math. C. She has a headache.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料.回答第6、7题。
6. What bothers the woman a lot?
A. Her father's change. B. Her father's health. C. Her father's drinking problem.
7. What does the man mean?
A. The woman should believe in herself.
B. The woman should stop talking to her father.
C. The woman should have some faith in her father.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. Whether students need more freedom.
B. Whether students are stressed.
C. Whether students like school.
9. What is the woman's attitude toward pressure on students?
A. Worried. B. Supportive. C. Uninterested.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where is the man's desk now?
A. Next to the wall. B. Across from the bed. C. In front of the window.
11. Why does the woman suggest putting the bed on the other side of the room?
A. It is brighter there. B. It's warmer there. C. It is closer to the door.
12 What does the woman plan to do this evening?
A. Do her report. B. Eat out. C. Rearrange her room.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the man doing?
A. Chairing a meeting. B. Conducting a job interview. C. Hosting a radio program.
14. How did Jane get interested in boxing?
A. She once saw it on TV.
B. Her parents encouraged her to do it.
C. Her teacher said it could help keep fit.
15. What is the most important as a top boxer according to Jane?
A. Pretty good skills. B. Great physical condition. C. A very quick brain.
16. When will Jane have her next fight?
A. In late May. B. In early April. C. In late February.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What's the purpose of the program?
A. To plan a nice weekend.
B. To celebrate the end of the school year.
C. To welcome the newcomers of the club.
18. What are all children required to do before going out of the building?
A. Eat some chocolate. B. Stay with their parents. C. Write their names on the paper.
19. Who will go out of the building through the double doors?
A. The preschool children. B. The fourth grade children. C. The third grade children.
20. What are the children going to do after the talk?
A. Look for hidden gifts. B. Have a group discussion. C. Hide around the building.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Curb-cut Effect(路缘坡效应)refers to the fact that supporting small groups of people often ends up helping much larger ranges of society.
Curb cuts: Easing the walking
In the 1940s, hundreds of thousands of World War Ⅱ soldiers returned home with disabilities. Disappointed by the difficulties they faced, Jack Fisher of Kalamazoo, Michigan, as one of them, asked his city government to build an experimental curb cut-a gentle slope that brings the end of a sidewalk down to meet the level of the street-at the corners of several blocks downtown. A few months later, Fisher reported that even residents without wheelchairs were enjoying the impact of the little slopes.
Reading machines: Getting the message
In 1976, technologist Ray Kurzweil invented a machine for the blind and visually damaged to change images into text that it then read aloud. Smart speakers with those voices are now in roughly one-quarter of US homes. By detecting street signs and house numbers, it is helping build the maps that self-driving cars use to navigate the world.
Closed captions(字幕): Following the conversation
Sears launched the first TV with a built-in equipment that allowed deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers to read along with their favorite programs in 1980. In the 1990s, text became increasingly common as DVDs and, later, streaming services added the ability to switch the words on at will. A 2006 survey found that only around 20 percent of the people using captions had hearing problems.
DeafSpace designs: Keeping things quiet
More than 150 designs of the DeafSpace Project came from architect Hansel Bauman. One aim is to clear distracting noises, which can make it difficult for people to use their limited hearing abilities. By keeping conversations and other sound disturbances from walking and jumping around the room, these ways also make it easier for all sorts of students and workers to focus.
CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION
1. Who were the four inventions initially intended to serve?
A. The army. B. Special groups. C. All human beings. D. Professionals.
2. What might be Jack Fisher?
A. A city designer. B. A city governor. C. A disabled soldier. D. An ordinary roadman.
3. Whose invention helps people to concentrate?
A. Sears'. B. Jack Fisher's. C. Ray Kurzweil's. D. Hansel Bauman's.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了四种针对特殊人群的发明设计。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据Curb cuts: Easing the walking段落下“In the 1940s, hundreds of thousands of World War Ⅱ soldiers returned home with disabilities. Disappointed by the difficulties they faced, Jack Fisher of Kalamazoo, Michigan, as one of them, asked his city government to build an experimental curb cut-a gentle slope that brings the end of a sidewalk down to meet the level of the street-at the corners of several blocks downtown.(20世纪40年代，数十万二战士兵带着伤残返乡。密歇根州卡拉马祖市的Jack Fisher，就是其中一员，对他们所面临的困难感到失望，他要求市政府在市中心几个街区的拐角处建造试用性的路缘坡---一种使人行道末端向下延伸与街道水平面相接的缓坡)”可知，路缘坡的设计是为了方便行动不便的人；根据Reading machines: Getting the message段落下“In 1976, technologist Ray Kurzweil invented a machine for the blind and visually damaged to change images into text that it then read aloud.(1976年，技术专家Ray Kurzweil为盲人和视力受损者发明了一种机器，将图像转换成文本，然后大声朗读)”可知，这种机器专为盲人和视力受损者而发明；根据Closed captions(字幕): Following the conversation段落下“Sears launched the first TV with a built-in equipment that allowed deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers to read along with their favorite programs in 1980.(1980年，Sears推出了第一台内置设备的电视，使聋哑人和听力困难人群能够阅读他们喜爱的节目)”可知，这种电视是为有听力障碍的人设计的；根据DeafSpace designs: Keeping things quiet段落下“One aim is to clear distracting noises, which can make it difficult for people to use their limited hearing abilities.(一个目标是清除分散注意力的噪音，这些噪音会使听力受限的人们难以使用有限的听力)”可知，这是为听力受限的人们设计的。综上可知，这四项发明创造都是针对特殊人群的。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Curb cuts: Easing the walking段落下“Jack Fisher of Kalamazoo, Michigan, as one of them(密歇根州卡拉马祖市的Jack Fisher，就是其中一员)”，句中的them指代“World War Ⅱ soldiers returned home with disabilities(二战的伤残士兵)”，由此可知Fisher是一名伤残士兵。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据DeafSpace designs: Keeping things quiet段落下“these ways also make it easier for all sorts of students and workers to focus.(这些方法也使各种各样的学生和工作者更容易集中注意力)”可知，DeafSpace designs这项发明设计有助于集中注意力，由“More than 150 designs of the DeafSpace Project came from architect Hansel Bauman.(DeafSpace项目的150多个设计来自建筑师Hansel Bauman)”可知，这是由Hansel Bauman发明设计的。故选D。
【点睛】
B
The life of a premature(早产的)baby born during the winter storm in Texas was saved thanks to a team of medical professionals, including a doctor and two nurses who traveled from east Austin to Marble Falls in an effort to save a newborn baby's life.
When Arias began experiencing pains, she and her parents headed to the closest hospital, Baylor Scott & White. Arias gave birth to her daughter, Zaylynn, who weighed just over one pound and was in need of advanced special care. However, the hospital does not offer the specialized care premature babies require.
"We had five or six people out at the nurses' station calling hospital networks all over the state of Texas," said Meredith Schubert, the labor and delivery nurse on duty when Arias arrived. "Nobody could answer our cry for help."
They finally reached Dr. John Loyd through a patient, division neonatologist chief at Dell Children's Medical Center in Austin, Texas. Around 5 p.m., after already having worked a full shift, Loyd packed his SUV with equipment and he and two NICU nurses set out for Marble Falls, about 55 miles away. The drive took Loyd and the nurses about two hours as they drove in the night through ice and snow.
After safely arriving at the Marble Falls medical center around 8 p.m., the Dell Children's crew set up a temporary newborn ICU. Together, the Dell Children's and Baylor Scott & White teams worked around the clock to care for the mother and daughter.
Once the weather cleared enough to allow for a helicopter to safely land, Zaylynn was transferred to Dell Children's, where there is a Level IV newborn intensive care unit.
"It was incredible when the helicopter lifted off. There were tears from all of us," said Schubert. "It was a huge relief and sense of accomplishment and joy that Zaylynn was doing so well and getting to the place that she needed to be."
Arias told KVUE that she was grateful to the doctors and nurses who worked together to save her daughter.
4. What did the newborn baby need badly?
A. Professional surgery. B. Special intensive nursing.
C. Immediate transfer. D. Experienced doctors.
5. Which word best describes Schubert's cry for help before reaching Loyd?
A. Timely. B. Hopeful. C. Desperate. D. Encouraging.
6. What was the most touching part about Loyd?
A. He came with all the necessary equipment. B. He tried his best to maintain his honor.
C. He had enough bravery to drive at night. D. He drove to rescue at night in severe weather.
7. What made the doctors and nurses feel a sense of relief?
A. The fine weather. B. The baby's improvement.
C. The takeoff of the helicopter. D. The baby's arrival at its destination.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。讲述了一个早产儿被成功救治的故事。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Arias gave birth to her daughter, Zaylynn, who weighed just over one pound and was in need of advanced special care.(Arias生下了她的女儿Zaylynn，她体重刚刚超过一磅，需要高级特殊护理)”可知，这个新生儿需要特殊的护理。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段Schubert说的话“We had five or six people out at the nurses' station calling hospital networks all over the state of Texas,(我们有五六个人在护士站给德克萨斯州的所有医院打电话)”可知，当时他们急切的寻求外界的帮助。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“The drive took Loyd and the nurses about two hours as they drove in the night through ice and snow.(Loyd和护士们在冰雪夜驱车行进了两个小时)”可知，在恶劣天气下，Loyd夜间开车去营救，这种行为很让人感动。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“It was a huge relief and sense of accomplishment and joy that Zaylynn was doing so well and getting to the place that she needed to be.(Zaylynn表现得如此出色，去到了她需要去的地方，这让大家感到巨大的成就感和喜悦，如释重负)”可知，Zaylynn被转移到了目的地，这让大家松了一口气。故选D。
C
The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years, the latest report by the World Meteorological(气象)Organization(WMO)said on September 1. However, thanks to improved early warning systems and disaster management, the number of death from these hazards(危险)has been almost three times less.
According to the WMO, from 1970 to 2019, weather, climate and water hazards accounted for 50 percent of all disasters. Among the top 10 hazards that led to the largest loss of human life during this period were droughts, storms, floods and extreme temperatures. However, deaths fell from over 50,000 in the 1970s to less than 20,000 in the 2010s.
"Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change," says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas.
"That means more heatwaves, drought and forest fires such as those we have observed recently in Europe and North America. We have more water vapor in the atmosphere, which is worsening extreme rainfall and deadly flooding. The warming of the oceans has affected the frequency and area of existence of the most intense tropical storms."
"Economic losses are increasing as exposure increases. But behind the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. Quite simply, we are better than ever before at saving lives," Taalas said.
8. What do we know from the first paragraph?
A. Disasters connected with weather have gone up.
B. The number of weather-related disasters has decreased.
C. The number of deaths from hazards has been increasing.
D. Early warning systems has made disasters decline much.
9. What will happen according to Petteri Taalas?
A. There will be more extreme weather. B. Extreme rainfall will no longer exist.
C. Water vapor in the atmosphere will go down. D. Human will conquer extreme weather in the end.
10. What is hopeful behind the bad news?
A. Improved warning systems will save economic losses.
B. Economic losses are going down as exposure increases.
C. More lives will be saved thanks to early warning system.
D. Improved early warning systems will control extreme weather.
11. Where may the text be taken from?
A. A novel. B. A brochure. C. A guideline. D. A magazine.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了极端天气和与此相关的灾难会越来越多，但是人类可以通过早期预警系统拯救更多的生命。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段第一句“The number of weather-related disasters has increased by five times over the past 50 years, the latest report by the World Meteorological (气象) Organization (WMO) said on September 1. (世界气象组织(WMO)9月1日发布的最新报告称，过去50年来，与天气有关的灾害数量增加了五倍)”可知，与气候相关的灾难增多了。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段Petteri Taalas说的话“Weather, climate and water extremes are increasing and will become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world as a result of climate change(由于气候变化，天气、气候和水的极端事件正在增加，并将在世界许多地区变得更加频繁和严重)”可知，Petteri Taalas认为极端天气会增多。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。由最后一段“But behind the statistics lies a message of hope. Improved multi-hazard early warning systems have led to a significant reduction in deaths. (但在统计数据背后隐藏着希望的信息。改进的多灾种早期预警系统使得死亡人数显著减少)”可知，预警系统会拯救更多生命。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段“says WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas. (WMO 秘书长Petteri Taalas说)”和第五段结尾“Taalas said.(Taalas说)”可知，文章引用了世界气象组织官员的话，所以最可能出自电视或广播的专题节目，magazine有“(电视、广播)专题节目”的意思。故选D项。
D
New research suggests that a gene that governs the body's biological （circadian）clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease. The study is the first to analyze circadian blood pressure rhythms（节奏）in female mice.
The body's circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day. In most healthy humans, blood pressure dips（下降）at night. People who do not experience this temporary drop, called "non-dippers", are more likely to develop heart disease. The circadian clock is made up of four main proteins（encoded by "clock genes"）that regulate close to half of all genes in the body, including those important for blood pressure regulation.
Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes（PER1）become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian response and blood pressure of female mice that lack PER1 and compared them with a healthy female control group. On both low-and high-salt diets, both groups "retained an apparent circadian rhythm" of blood pressure, the researchers explained. Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.
These results suggest that the lack of PER1 acts differently in males and females. The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age. "This study represents an important step in understanding sex differences in the regulation of cardiovascular（心血管）function by the circadian clock," the researchers wrote.
12. What does the new research find?
A. Biological clock may protect males from heart disease.
B. Biological blood pressure rhythms in female mice acts normally.
C. Biological clock organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period.
D. A gene controlling biological clock works differently between sexes.
13. What role can circadian clock play according to the text?
A. Helping males cure heart disease.
B. Helping blood pressure vary normally.
C. Contributing to abnormal variations in blood pressure.
D. Making up four main proteins regulating almost half of all genes.
14. Which word can best replace the underlined word "retained" in paragraph 3?
A. treated. B. warned. C. kept. D. watched.
15. What would be a suitable title for the text?
A. One clock gene is important B. Women may benefit from body clock
C. New study analyzes blood pressure rhythms D. Blood pressure of healthy humans dips at night
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.”（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The body’s circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day.”（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.”（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，此句研究结果与前句表示对比，前句表示在低盐和高盐的饮食中，两组小鼠的血压保持明显的昼夜节律，推测划线单词表示“保持”，与kept同义。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological （circadian）clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.”（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age.”（研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Four Ideas for Better Sleep
Most teens need 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. But many teens have trouble sleeping. Lack of sleep can affect everything from our emotions to how well we focus on tasks like driving. ___16___ And it may be linked to weight gain in some people. How can we get the sleep we need? Here are some ideas:
Be active during the day.
You've probably noticed how much running around little kids do — and how soundly they sleep. ___17___ Physical activity can decrease stress and help people feel more relaxed. Just don't work out too close to bedtime because exercise can wake you up before it slows you down.
Say goodnight to your telephone or TV.
___18___ If you can't make your bedroom a tech-free area, at least shut everything down an hour or more before lights out. Nothing says, "Wake up, something's going on!" like the noise of a text of a phone.
Keep a sleep routine (规律).
___19___ Creating a set bedtime routine can improve this relaxation effect. So relax yourself every night by reading, listening to music, spending time with a pet, writing in a journal, or doing anything else that relaxes you.
___20___
Stress can cause sleeplessness, so the more you suffer from not sleeping, the greater the risk you'll lie awake staring at the ceiling. Instead of worrying that you won't sleep, remind yourself that you can. Say, "Tonight, I will sleep well" several times during the day. It can also help to practice breathing exercises before bed.
A. Expect a good night's sleep.
B. You may wake up in the middle of the night.
C. Experts recommend using the bedroom for sleep only.
D. The more you try to fall asleep, the more difficultly you can.
E. Learn from a kid and get at least 60 minutes of exercise a day.
F. Going to bed at the same time every night helps the body expect sleep.
G. It can affect sports performance, and increase our chances of getting sick.
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. D 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。缺少睡眠会影响我们的情绪到专注于各项任务。但是许多青少年有睡眠问题，对此，作者提了一些好的建议：合理安排锻炼时间、睡前至少一小时前关闭电子设备、养成睡眠习惯等等．
【16题详解】
上文“Lack of sleep can affect everything from our emotions to how well we focus on tasks like driving.(缺乏睡眠会影响我们的一切，从我们的情绪到我们如何专注于驾驶等任务)”讲述缺乏睡眠会给我们带来不好的影响， G项“它会影响运动表现，并增加我们生病的机会。”描述了缺少睡眠带来的影响，与上文是并列关系。进一步解释缺少睡眠的坏处，故选G。
【17题详解】
上文“You've probably noticed how much running around little kids do-and how soundly they sleep.(你可能已经注意到小孩子们经常跑来跑去，而且他们睡得很香)”讲述奔跑的小孩子他们睡觉很香，因此推断建议我们要多像小孩子学习，多锻炼，E项中的“kid”与上文的“kids”一致，因此推断E项“向孩子学习，每天至少锻炼60分钟。”符合语境。故选E。
18题详解】
下文“If you can't make your bedroom a tech-free area, at least shut everything down an hour or more before lights out.(如果你不能让你的卧室成为一个无科技的区域，至少在熄灯前一个小时或更长时间关闭所有的东西)”讲述在卧室里不要使用科技产品，至少在熄灯之前一个小时关掉， D项“专家建议卧室仅用来睡眠”符合语境，与上文话题一致，不要在卧室里使用电子科技设备。故选D。
【19题详解】
根据标题Keep a sleep routine (规律) 可知，本段建议养成好的睡眠习惯。下文“Creating a set bedtime routine can improve this relaxation effect.(创建一个固定的就寝程序可以改善这种放松效果)”说明要制定固定的就寝程序，F项中的“at the same time every night”与之呼应，因此F项“每天晚上在同一时间上床有助于身体期待睡眠。”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【20题详解】
空格处为段落标题。根据后文“Instead of worrying that you won't sleep, remind yourself that you can. Say, "Tonight, I will sleep well" several times during the day. It can also help to practice breathing exercises before bed.(与其担心自己睡不着，不如提醒自己你可以。白天说几次“今晚，我会睡得好”。在睡前做呼吸练习也可以是有帮助的)”说明本段建议不要担心你不会入睡，要期待一个好的睡眠，时刻提醒自己你可以有好的睡眠，因此推断A项“期待睡个好觉”为最佳标题。故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B. C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I had moved to Arizona about two weeks before the start of my junior year of high school, so not only was this a(n)___21___ new school for me, but also a new ___22___ and I did not know anyone.
On the first day of school at lunch after getting my meal, I sat down at a(n)___23___ table in the courtyard. As I began to eat, I ___24___ at the other tables and saw another girl sitting alone, so I decided why not go sit with her. I walked to ___25___ and said, “Excuse me, do you mind if I sit with you?” She was ___26___ at first, but then smiled and said, “Sure!”
We got on well with each other and ___27___ close friends throughout the next two years. She ___28___: on the first day of school when you sat down with me during lunch, I was deeply depressed that day. I had even made ___29___ plans on how I was going to ___30___ suicide after I get home. I had been bullied (欺负) the whole first half of the day and it had just made me ___31___. But when you ___32___ me in a considerate way, even though you didn’t know me, it ___33___ me deeply.
It has been almost 15 years since this ___34___. I still chat with her occasionally on Facebook about our past and present life and I can’t ___35___ but smile every time. It showed me that a simple kind act has the extraordinary ability to change lives.
21. A. eventually B. initially C. completely D. temporarily
22. A. environment B. culture C. revolution D. possession
23. A. full B. empty C. clean D. awful
24. A. came around B. looked up C. looked around D. walked about
25. A. comfort B. confirm C. accompany D. rescue
26. A. surprised B. disappointed C. excited D. devoted
27. A. abandoned B. made C. became D. deserved
28. A. recalled B. lied C. imagined D. expressed
29. A. peaceful B. relaxing C. secure D. detailed
30. A. cope B. edit C. mislead D. commit
31. A. outstanding B. heartbroken C. coldblooded D. hardworking
32. A. reached out to B. caught up with C. got away from D. put up with
33. A. instructed B. touched C. assisted D. dragged
34. A. sympathy B. treatment C. incident D. entertainment
35. A. stand B. wait C. choose D. help
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在高中和一个女孩相处的经历，告诉人们：一个简单的善举，就能改变一个人的生活。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我在高中三年级开始前大约两周搬到了亚利桑那州，所以这不仅对我来说是一所全新的学校，而且是一个新的环境，我不认识任何人。A. eventually最终；B. initially最初；C. completely完全地；D. temporarily暂时地。根据上文“I had moved to Arizona about two weeks before the start of my junior year of high school”可知，这对于作者而言是一所全新的学校。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在高中三年级开始前大约两周搬到了亚利桑那州，所以这不仅对我来说是一所全新的学校，而且是一个新的环境，我不认识任何人。A. environment环境；B. culture文化；C. revolution革命；D. possession拥有。根据下文“and I did not know anyone.”可知，这对于作者而言不仅是全新的学校，也是新的环境。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上学的第一天，在拿到午餐准备吃饭时，我坐在院子里的一张空桌子旁。A. full满的；B. empty空的；C. clean干净的；D. awful糟透了。根据下文“so I decided why not go sit with her.”可知，作者决定和另一个女孩坐在一起，所以此处作者坐在一张空桌子旁。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我开始吃饭时，我环顾了一下其他桌子，看到另一个女孩独自坐着，所以我决定去和她坐在一起。A. came around拜访；B. looked up查找；C. looked around环顾四周；D. walked about四处走动。根据下文“and saw another girl sitting alone”可知，作者环顾四周，看到另一个女孩独自坐着。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我走过去确认了一下，然后说：“抱歉，你介意我和你坐在一起吗？”A. comfort安慰；B. confirm确认；C. accompany陪伴；D. rescue救援。根据语境，此处表示作者看到女孩独自坐着，确认之后询问是否可以跟女孩坐在一起。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她起初很惊讶，但随后笑着说：“当然！”A. surprised惊讶的；B. disappointed失望的；C. excited兴奋的；D. devoted忠诚的。根据下文“but then smiled and said, “Sure!””可知女孩开始很惊讶，但是随后就笑着同意了。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的两年里，我们相处得很好，成为了亲密的朋友。A. abandoned放弃；B. made制作；C. became成为；D. deserved值得。根据上文“We got on well with each other”可知，作者和女孩相处得很好，成为了亲密的朋友。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她回忆道：上学的第一天，你和我一起吃午饭，那天我非常沮丧。A. recalled回忆；B. lied撒谎；C. imagined想象；D. expressed表达。根据下文“on the first day of school when you sat down with me during lunch, I was deeply depressed that day.”可知，此处表示女孩在回忆上学第一天发生的事情。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我甚至制定了回家后如何自杀的详细计划。A. peaceful和平的；B. relaxing令人放松的；C. secure安全的；D. detailed详细的。根据下文“plans on how I was going to ___10___ suicide after I get home”可知，此处表示女孩甚至制定了详细的自杀计划。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我甚至制定了回家后如何自杀的详细计划。A. cope应对；B. edit编辑；C. mislead误导；D. commit做出（错事）。根据语境，此处表示“自杀”，应用短语commit suicide。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：整个前半天我都在被欺负，这让我心碎。A. outstanding杰出的；B. heartbroken心碎的；C. coldblooded冷血的；D. hardworking勤奋的。根据上文“I had been bullied（欺负）the whole first half of the day”可知，女孩一直在被欺负，这使她心碎。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但当你以一种体贴的方式向我伸出援手时，即使你不认识我，也深深地打动了我。A. reached out to向某人伸出援手；B. caught up with赶上；C. got away from逃离；D. put up with忍受。根据上文“I walked to ___5___ and said, “Excuse me, do you mind if I sit with you?””可知，作者看到女孩独自坐着时，选择和女孩坐在一起，女孩觉得作者以一种体贴的方式向自己伸出援手。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当你以一种体贴的方式向我伸出援手时，即使你不认识我，也深深地打动了我。A. instructed指示；B. touched感动；C. assisted援助；D. dragged拖。根据上文“when you ___12___ me in a considerate way”可知，作者伸出援手，女孩深受感动。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这件小事已经过去了将近15年。A. sympathy同情；B. treatment治疗；C. incident小事；D. entertainment娱乐。根据语境，此处表示作者和女孩坐在一起吃午饭这件小事已经过去了将近15年。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仍然偶尔在Facebook上和她聊我们过去和现在的生活，每次我都忍不住微笑。A. stand站立；B. wait等待；C. choose选择；D. help帮助。根据语境，此处表示作者每次都忍不住微笑，can’t help but do sth.表示“忍不住做某事”。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese people have spent more time on leisure activities this year compared with the period before COVID-19 pandemic ___36___(strike), according to a recent report by the China Tourism Academy.
The academy said that urban residents' leisure time is ___37___(close) related to their work. They have spent more time on leisure activities on weekends this year, about 4.4 hours a day, compared with ___38___ average of 3.82 hours a day on workdays.
The time that people in rural areas spend enjoying leisure activities ___39___(rise) nearly 39 percent compared with 2019, increasing to 4.36 hours a day from 3.14 hours before the COVID-19 pandemic hit.
Shopping at physical ___40___(store) remains the most popular leisure activity for both urban residents and people in the countryside, followed by activities like ___41___(face) treatments, hairdressing and manicures (美甲). The report said it will be difficult ___42___(increase) people's leisure time in the future due ___43___ the large amount of time they spend working and looking after children.
A recent survey ___44___ was conducted by the academy shows that 50 percent of urban residents work over eight hours a day and 15 percent work over 10 hours a day. Dai Bin, chairman of the academy, said at an online conference that with more rural residents ___45___(spend) time on leisure activities, the tourism market and travel companies will embrace (拥抱) new growth in the future.
【答案】36. struck
37. closely
38. an 39. has risen
40. stores 41. facial
42. to increase
43. to 44. which##that
45. spending
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲了中国人花在休闲上的时间多了。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：根据中国旅游研究院最近的一份报告，与COVID-19大流行之前的时期相比，今年中国人花在休闲活动上的时间更多。新冠肺炎袭击中国是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填struck。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该院表示，城市居民的闲暇时间与他们的工作息息相关。此处用副词修饰动词related。故填closely。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们今年周末花在休闲活动上的时间更多，每天约4.4小时，而工作日平均每天为3.82小时。average是名词，是本文第一次出现，且以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰，an average of为固定用法，意为“平均为”。故填an。
【39题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：与2019年相比，农村地区人们享受休闲活动的时间增加了近39%，从COVID-19大流行爆发前的3.14小时增加到每天4.36小时。“from 3.14 hours before the COVID-19 pandemic hit”可知rise这个动作发生于过去，一直持续到现在，用现在完成时，且句子主语是the time为单数。故填has risen。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：无论是城市居民还是农村居民，实体店购物仍然是最受欢迎的休闲活动，其次是面部护理、美发和美甲等活动。此处可数名词store前无冠词，故用复数。故填stores。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：无论是城市居民还是农村居民，实体店购物仍然是最受欢迎的休闲活动，其次是面部护理、美发和美甲等活动。此处填形容词facial作定语修饰名词treatments，故填facial。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：报告称，由于人们花费大量时间工作和照顾孩子，未来将难以增加人们的休闲时间。固定结构it is+adj.+to do sth：做某事怎么样，it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语。故填to increase。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：报告称，由于人们花费大量时间工作和照顾孩子，未来将难以增加人们的休闲时间。固定短语due to：由于、因为。故填to。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该学院最近进行的一项调查显示，50%的城市居民每天工作超过8小时，15%的城市居民每天工作超过10小时。这个定语从句的先行词是survey指物，且从句缺主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究院院长戴斌在一次线上会议上表示，随着越来越多的农村居民将时间花在休闲活动上，未来旅游市场和旅游企业将迎来新的增长点。“With+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，rural residents和spend之间是主动关系，用现在分词作宾补表达当下的状态，故填spending。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Jack来信和你探讨未来海洋开发的话题，请你给他回一封邮件，谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
1.想象未来海洋的用途；
2.倡导保护海洋。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jack,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

【答案】Dear Jack,
I am glad that you shared your opinion about the development of ocean in the future. I am quite agree with you. As we all know, the ocean is a cornucopia, which is rich in oil, coal, gas, etc. With the advancement of technology and development of the times, living under the sea will not be a fantasy. But in order to achieve this dream, we need to protect the ocean first. People should be aware of the importance of protecting the ocean. As a matter of fact, to protect the ocean is to protect human beings. Do you agree with me?
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国朋友Jack回信，与他探讨未来海洋的用途并倡导保护海洋。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→pleased/happy
观点；想法：opinion → view
十分；非常：quite→ completely/absolutely/entirely
实现：achieve→ fulfill
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： I am quite agree with you
拓展句： I am quite agree with what you mentioned in your letter.
【点睛】[高分句型1]I am glad that you shared your opinion about the development of ocean in the future. （运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]As we all know, the ocean is a cornucopia, which is rich in oil, coal, gas, etc.（运用了As引导状语从句及which引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Back in the early 1980s, the idea of home computers was catching on. I wasn't keen on getting one. Somehow, I evolved and have owned several computers over the years. Some days, I loved my computer, but more often than not, I hated it. I didn't grow up with them, and they were a challenge to my mental health. Dealing with modern technology was my introduction to stress, and I know who to blame: my children.
They weren't satisfied that their dad and I finally bought a computer and learned to send e-mails. We were quite happy with that, but next came a cellphone. Then just talking on the phone was not acceptable; they insisted we learn to text as well. We couldn't get a break.
I remember well the night that Facebook became a household word around here Those kids of ours were determined to set up a joint account for us. It took some convincing. We felt no guilt for grating on (激怒) their nerves considering the drama they'd sometimes created for us during their teenage years. A little payback wouldn't hurt those two.
More recently, my husband and I were forced into getting rid of our flip phones and getting smartphones. I will admit that I progressed into appreciating mine. I liked speaking to Siri and finding out what I needed to know in an instant. I enjoyed having Internet access everywhere I went. I felt a sense of accomplishment; my husband-not so much. To this day, he would happily take back his flip phone.
Last Christmas, our children surprised us with yet another popular form of technology-Alexa. The girls took our smartphones in hand and got us programmed. Before we fully understood what was happening, we could tell Alexa to turn our lamp on or off, and she would. To be honest, we were a bit annoyed at having to learn how to use yet another device, but we decided to keep it. We mastered turning the lamp on and off, and once again I got the hang of it sooner than my husband did. I became his Alexa coach.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We should thank our children and grandchildren.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】One night, Alexa did not turn on the lamp when I gave the command. I tried to say “Turn on the light” to it countless times, but Alexa didn’t work. “New technologies are always unreliable.” my husband complained. I searched the Internet and immediately found the reason why Alex couldn’t work. I just needed to tell Alex to set the light color to white or whatever color I wanted, and then it would turn on the light. Then Alex turned on the light itself.
We should thank our children and grandchildren. It was our children and grandchildren that taught us to use technology so that I could find a solution on the Internet by myself. Without them, our life is always invariable and boring. Our children and grandchildren “force” us to accept and use technology, which seems to put us under pressure. However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to make our life more convenient.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的孩子们为自己和丈夫推荐了许多现代科技产品，作者从很有压力变得喜欢上它们，有一种成就感，但是作者的丈夫不太喜欢。去年圣诞节，孩子们给作者的智能手机安装了Alexa程序，可以打开或者关闭灯。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一天晚上，当我发出命令时，Alexa没有开灯。”可知，第一段可描写作者和丈夫对此的不同反应，作者用孩子们教会的技能想到办法解决问题。
②由第二段首句内容“我们应该感谢我们的子孙。”可知，第二段可描写作者感受到孩子们教会的科技是有用处的，感谢孩子们。
2.续写线索：Alexa不工作——丈夫抱怨——作者想办法——Alexa被修好——感谢孩子们——科技的用处
3.词汇激活
行为类
①打开：turn on/switch on
②教：teach/instruct
③找到：find/seek out
情绪类
①感谢：thank/appreciate
②压力：pressure/stress
【点睛】【高分句型1】I searched the Internet and immediately found the reason why Alex couldn’t work.（由关系副词why引导限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】However, the fact is that our children and grandchildren let us really accept and use technology to make our life more convenient.（由连接词that引导表语从句）