考向10 情态动词(虚拟语气) 备战2022年高考英语微专题（全国通用）

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考向10 情态动词（虚拟语气）
考向一 助动词与情态动词
一、英语中的助动词
助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。
1、be （am, is, are, were, been）
（1）“be + -ing”构成进行时态；
（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；
（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：
①表示按计划安排要发生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。
②用于命令。You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。
2、have （has, had）
（1）“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。如：Have you seen the film ?
（2）“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?
3、do （does, did）
（1）“do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket.；
（2）“Do + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。Does he go to school by bike every day?
（3）“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；
（4）代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.
4.will, shall （would, should）
“will （shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shall，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.
二、英语中的情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。只有情态动词ought要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语用。
将情态动词置于主语之前即构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not既构成其否定式。现将各情态动词的基本用法分述如下：
1、can和could （could为can的过去式） 的基本用法
（1）表示能力，如：He can speak English better than you.
（2）在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”，如：Can this green bike be Liu Dong's?
（3）表示“许可”时can可以和may换用，如：You can （may） go home now.
（4）如果要表示语气婉转，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去式，如：Could you come again tomorrow?
（5）can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式，如：He will be able to do the work better.
2、may和might （might为may的过去式）的基本用法
（1）表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意，如：You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般多不用may或 may not，以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如：---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时，如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些，如：May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用must not代替may not，如：---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous.
（2）may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”之意，如果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定，如：They may （might） be in the library now .
3、must的基本用法
（1）must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，其否定式 must not，缩写形式为 mustn't，表示“不应该”，“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意，如：We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire.
（2）对以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用needn't或用don't （doesn't） have to （不 必）来回答，而不用mustn't，因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意，如：---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't （don't have to）, but you must finish it in three days.
（3）在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”之意，如：---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one.
4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法
（1）can, could后接完成式的用法：
①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度，Could he have said so?
②在肯定句中，可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如：---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure.
（2）may, might后接完成式的用法
①表示对过去某事的推测，认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might，语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定，如：Mary might have learned some Chinese before.
②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情，有“劝告”或“责备”的语气，如：You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better.
（3）must后接完成式的用法：表示对过去某事的推测，认为某事在过去一定做到 了，如：Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.
5、have to 的基本用法
have to和must的意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.
6、ought to的基本用法
（l）表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比should强，例如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.
（2）表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be home by now .（断定他已到家），He ought to be home by now .（不十分肯定），This is where the oil must be.（比较直率） ，This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄） ；
（3）“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。例如：You ought to have helped him. （but you didn’t） 这时，ought与 should可以互相换用。注意，在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如：Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much.
7、dare的基本用法
（l）dare （dared为其过去式） 作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，如：Dared he bread the traffic regulations again?
（2）在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词，其变化与一般行为动词相同，如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.
8、need的基本用法
（1）need作情态动词用时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，如：He needn't worry about us now.
（2）need也可作为行为动词用，可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day.
（3）needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情，如：---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it.
9、shall的基本用法
（1）shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称，表示说活人的意愿，可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意，如：He shall go first, whether he wants to or not.
（2）在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示，如：Shall I open the door?
10、should的基本用法
（1）should作为情态动词可以表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意，如：You should learn from each other.
（2）should后接完成式表示过去没有做到本来应该做的事情，或是做了本来不应该做的事情。如：You should have give him more help.
11、will的基本用法
（1）用于各人称，可以表示“意志”或“决心”，如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.
（2）在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?
（3）will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“会要”之意，如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
12、would的基本用法
（1）would作为will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的“意志”或“决心”，如：He promised he would never smoke again.
（2）在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或许问对方的意愿时，比用will的气更加婉转，如：Would you like some more coffee?
（3）在日常生活中，学用“I would like to…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气婉转，如：I would like to do Ex.2 first.
（4）would可以表示过去的习惯动作，比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class. / During the vacation he would visit me every week.
（5）表料想或猜想，如：It would be about ten when he left home./ What would she be doing there?/ I thought he would have told you about it.
13、used to, had better, would rather的用法
（1）used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变，例如：He told us he used to play foot ball when he was young.
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。
疑问句：Did you use to/ Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
否定句：I usedn’t to / didn’t use to go there. （usedn’t 也可写作usen’t）；
否定疑问句：Usen’t you to/ Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre?
强调句：I certainly used to/ did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.；
其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat. didn’t she?/ use（d）n’t she? Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did./ Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did./ used to.
（2）had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式，例如：
---- We had better go now .
---- Yes, we had （we'd better/ we had better）./ Hadn’t we better stop now? （Had we better not stop now?）/ I think I’d better be going. （用于进行时态，表“最好立即”）/ You had better have done that （用于完成时态，表未完成动作）
注：had better用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。
（3）would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式，例如：I’d rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm?/
---- Wouldn’t you rather stay here?
---- No, I would not. I’d rather go there.
由于would rather表选择，因 而后可接than，例如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. / I would rather watch TV than go to see the film/ I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie./ I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. （句中的 'd rather不是情态动词，would 在此是表愿望的实义动词）
【典例示例】
1.There’s no light on—they be at home.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】句意为：（家中）没有亮灯, ——他们肯定不在家。此处要用情态动词表推测, 且用于否定句表示 “肯定不……”, 故can’t符合要求。must表推测时不用于否定句, mustn’t表示 “禁止, 不许”；needn’t表示 “不需要”；shouldn’t表示 “不应当”, 故A项符合要求。
2.We hope that as many people as possible join us for the picnic tomorrow.
A.need B.must C.should D.can
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：我们希望尽可能多的人能参加我们明天的野餐。用can.表示可能性。
3.— What’s the name?
— Khulaifi. I spell that for you?
A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might
【答案】A
【解析】shall在问句中征求对方意见, 主要用于第一人称。答语句意为： “我给你拼写一下好吗？”
4.We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A.needn’t B.may not C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：我们或许还没有证明是伟大的探险者, 但我们已取得了在过去的10年里的最伟大的进展。故应用may not。
5.— Could I have a word with you, mum?
— Oh dear, if you .
A.can B.must C.may D.should
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：妈妈, 我可以和你说句话吗？” “噢, 亲爱的, 如果你非要说的话。”must表示必须要做的事。
6.If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party.
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not
【答案】C
【解析】题中that引导同位语从句。 “she can’t sing”是一个事实, 是指在能力、技能等方面不能、不会。
7.Some aspects of a pilot’s job be boring, and pilots often work at inconvenient hours.
A.can;have to B.may;can C.have to;may D.ought to;must
【答案】A
【解析】句意为：飞行员工作的某些方面可能是令人厌倦的, 并且飞行员经常在不方便的时候工作。第一空表示的是客观的可能性, 应用can；而第二空说在不方便的时候还要干, 因此表示客观上的必须, 用have to, 意为 “不得不”。
8. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A.Would you be B.Should you be C.Could you be D.Might you be
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：如果你被炒了, 你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会立即取消。与将来事实相反的假设, 从句用答案B项。
9.— May I smoke here?
— If you , choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B.could C.may D.must
【答案】D
【解析】由本题语境可知, 空白处应表示 “非得……”之意, 故须用must。
10.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A.should have taken B.could have taken
C.needn’t have taken D.mustn’t have taken
【答案】C
【解析】句意为:昨天天气不错, 我本没有必要不怕费事带把伞。could have done表示 “本能够做而未做”；should have done表示 “本应该做而未做”；mustn’t表示 “禁止, 不许”；needn’t have done表示 “本不必做而做了”。take the trouble to do sth.表示 “不怕费事或困难尽力做某事”。
考向二 虚拟语气
一、语气的定义和种类
l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类：
（1）陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!
（2）祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。
（3）虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！
二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。（事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。）
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下：

从 句
主 句
与现在事实相反
动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）
would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形
与过去事实相反
had + 过去分词
would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词
与将来事实相反
动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形
would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形
注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。
l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿 ，一切都没问题了。
2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't （couldn’t） have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会（不可能）考试不及格。
3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should （would，could，might） go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 （可能）去看望我奶 奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。
4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。（从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在）
5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式：
（l）省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come （If he should come）, tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you （If I were you）, I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。
（2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如: Without air （If there were not air）, there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help （If it hadn’t been for your help） I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. （If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.） 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。（如果我那天不忙的话，我就……）；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. （If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.） 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。（如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……）
6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
（1）省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"If you had wanted to"）（事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）
（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!（事实是:祖母已不在世。）；If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!（事实是:她已经走了。）
三、虚拟语气的其他用法
l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在"It is important （strange，natural，necessary）that…"这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是"重要"、"奇怪"、"自然"、"必要"等意义。如: It is important that every member （should） inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。
2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：
（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1）表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。（可惜不知道）；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用"had十过去分词"。如: I wish （wished） I hadn’t spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。（实际上已经花掉）；3）表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为"would十动词原形"。此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动物名词除外）。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻来。
（2）在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he （should） answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。
3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
（1）在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。
（2）由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌
生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
（3）在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 “could或might（有时也用should）+ 动词原形”。如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could （might） hear clearly. 格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在"It is time （that） …"句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是"该干某事的时候了"。如: It’s （high） time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。
5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
（1）情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。
（2）在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。
（3）用“may + 动词原形”表示"祝愿"、"但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。
【典例示例】
1.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.
A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened
【答案】D
【解析】as if仿佛, 好像, 其后的从句可出现虚拟语气。句意为：Eliza清楚地记得每一件事, 仿佛它是昨天发生的！句中remembers为一般现在时, 故as if从句中用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。
2.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he         it differently.
A. could express                         B. would express
C. could have expressed                 D. must have expressed
【答案】C
【解析】could have expressed it differently.他要是用另一种方式来说该多好呀。
3.But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won
【答案】B
【解析】此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反, 句子谓语动词用
4.Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong– willed man
A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been
【答案】D
【解析】句意为 “杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人, 他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测。
5.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_______
A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy
【答案】A
【解析】前句表示对过去的虚拟, 而but之后表示过去的客观事实, 故用一般过去时态。
6.If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
【答案】C
【解析】根据 “wouldn’t have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟, 故选C项。
7.John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
【答案】D
【解析】句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话, 我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气, 说明动发生在过去, 而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构, 应该用had +过去分词。
8.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
【答案】B
【解析】would rather后应用虚拟语气, 表示与现在时间相反, 用动词的过去式。
9.If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
【答案】B
【解析】所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语, 根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反, 故所填部分用had+过去分词形式, 选B。
10.Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ________ （讨论） at the meeting. （discuss）
【答案】（should） be discussed
【解析】“insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟, 从句结构是“should”（可省略）加动词原形, 主语“problem” 是要 “被讨论”。
【检测过关】
1. —How’s your tour around the East Lake? Is it beautiful?
—It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. must D. should
2. I often felt troubled in my teens and my grandma ________ comfort me, saying “Life is like that, dear”.
A. would B. might C. should D. must
3. ---He was satisfied with the result, wasn't he?
---No. It was so difficult that he __________have passed it.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't
C. couldn' t D. wouldn't
4. -- Turn off the TV, Jack. _______ your homework now?
-- Mum, just ten more minutes, please.
A. Will you be doing B. Should you be doing
C. Shouldn't you be doing D. Couldn’t you be doing
5. he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _______ be above it.
A. shall B. must
C. may D. need
6. — Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window?
— Well, if you __________. I can put on more clothes.
A. can B. may
C. must D. shall
7. The room is so clean. He ________ have cleaned it yesterday evening.
A. will B. need
C. can D. must
8. The weather turned out to be fine. I _____________ the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. must have taken
C. couldn't have taken D. needn't have taken
9. He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he ________ be quite charming when he wishes.
A. shall B. should
C. can D. must
10. Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I ________ this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks quite odd and ridiculous.
A. should have done B. need have done C. would have done D. must have done
11. Ann said whenever her father was unhappy he ________ go out and buy something, usually something large and useless.
A. should B. could
C. would D. might
12. It is really cold and the ground is wet; it ________ have rained last night.
A. might B. must
C. can D. should
13. —I have something important to tell John. But I can’t find him.
—His cell phone is here, so he ________ have gone too far.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t
C. wouldn’t D. can’t
14. —What’s wrong with you?
—Oh, I am sick. I ________ so much ice cream just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t eat
C. couldn’t have eaten D. shouldn’t have eaten
15. -- Did Jim come?
-- I don’t know. He _______ while I was out.
A. might have come B. might come
C. must have come D. should have come
16. Keep up your spirits even if you _____ fail hundreds of times.
A. must B. need
C. may D. should
17. —It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos.
—Don’t count on it too much. It ________ break down and you’d better make a copy of them.
A. must B. can
C. should D. will
18. -- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
---Thanks. You _______ it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. shouldn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. needn’t have done
19. —What does the sign over there read？
—“No person___smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”
A. will B. may
C. shall D. must
20. —Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You________ have made full preparations.
A. must B. can C. would D. should
21. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A. can’t B. dare not C. needn’t D. may not
22. —Tony _______ what I did annoying though he didn’t say anything.
—So you think you will have to make an apology?
A. could find B. should have found
C. might find D. must have found
23. Why ________ you choose to work in a remote village school when you can own a respectable job in a city?
A. need B. should
C. must D. will
24. The society can remain good as long as we are willing to fight for it—and to fight against whatever imperfections ________ exist.
A. shall B. may C. should D. would
25. —I can’t think why he ______ so angry. I meant no offence.
—It’s typical of him to be sensitive.
A. must have been B. should have been
C. might have been D. can have been
26. According to the school rule, no child be allowed out of the school, unless accompanied by his or her own parents.
A. should B. must
C. shall D. can
27. .Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach .I so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
28. If you want to improve your figure and health, the most effective thing to do is to show up at the gym every time you ________ be there.
A. can B. will
C. may D. shall
29. Everything is amazing. Thank you all. We without your help.
A. can’t make it B. mustn’t have made
C. won’t make D. couldn’ t have made it
30. —Did Max go to the concert with his family yesterday?
—The report scheduled to be handed in tomorrow, he _______ it.
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. wouldn’t attend D. shouldn’t attend
31. —Why didn’t you call me then?
—Oh, my cell-phone was power off. I ________ you otherwise.
A. would call B. had called
C. have called D. would have called
32. —The lecture about 3D technology was very interesting.
—It’s a pity. How I wish I ________ time to attend it.
A. had B. have C. had had D. have had
33. Tommy, it’s about time you ________ set off for the airport.
A. must B. should C. can D. may
34. I wouldn’t have missed the train if I ______ up earlier.
A. got B. had got C. will get D. have got
35. If we________ a table in advance, we wouldn't be standing here in the long queue.
A. reserve B. reserved
C. have reserved D. had reserved
36. They’ve seen many famous scholars in the conference. How I wish I ______ it!
A. have attended B. will attend
C. would attend D. had attended
37. Had Mary not been hurt in the car accident, ________ the next week’s marathon.
A. she would run B. she would have run
C. she will run D. she must have run
38. It is required that under no circumstances ________ betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty.
A. we can B. will we
C. should we D. we shall
39. It’s necessary that not only ________ to see a doctor but also have a good rest.
A. will Boy go B. Bob will go
C. should Bob go D. Bob should go
40. I wouldn’t have punched him if it ________ for the fact that he ________ to apologize to me yesterday.
A. were not; refused B. were not; had refused
C. had not been; refused D. had not been; had refused
41. But for their help, we ________ the program in time.
A. can not finished B. will not finish
C. had not finished D. could not have finished
42. He would be in better health now _______ with too much work when young.
A. had he not burdened himself B. if he was not burdened
C. were he not burdened D. had he not been burdened himself
43. Take the medicine right away! ______ it yesterday, you would be quite all right now.
A. Had you taken B. Would you take
C. Should you take D. Were you to take
44. — Helen,are you going Io the airport to pick up Jack the day after tomorrow?
— ________ tomorrow night.I would go.
A. Were he to come back B. If he was about to come back
C. Had he come back D. If he would come back
45. Lily is a good singer. How I wish I ________ as well as her.
A. sing B. will sing
C. had sung D. sang
46. If it ________ for her great help then, I would not study English so well now.
A. hasn’t been B. wasn’t
C. hadn’t been D. isn’t
47. If you ___________ to my advice carefully, you wouldn’t have made such a terrible mistake.
A. listened B. have listened
C. would listen D. had listened
48. I didn?t see your sister at the meeting. If she 　　　　, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come
C. came D. had come
49. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
50. I am sorry I am very busy now. If I time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.
A. have B. had
C. have had D. had had
51. —Did you pass your driving test?
—Yes, otherwise I ________ to the picnic next month.
A. couldn't drive B. couldn't have driven
C. won't drive D. wouldn't have driven
52. — What happened to the young trees we planted last week?
— The trees __________ well, but I didn’t water them.
A. might grow B. would have grown
C. needn’t have grown D. would grow
53. —Can't you drive a little faster?
—No. If I ________ another speeding ticket, my dad would take away my car.
A. would get B. would have got C. had got D. got
54. The movie couldn’t be more boring.I wish I ________ to it.
A. had not been B. have not been
C. did not go D. have not gone
55. If you were to have a few minutes free, I______ the opportunity to ask you one more question.
A. would appreciate B. would have appreciated
C. were to appreciate D. had appreciated
56. Without our team’s great effort, the art exhibition last week ______ such a great success.
A. wouldn’t be B. won’t be C. wouldn’t have been D. won’t have been
57. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I it?
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
58. They advocate the proposal we were opposed ______ rediscussed at the next meeting.
A. to be B. should be C. to was D. was
59. It’s high time he _________ the right measures; otherwise, he’ll fail.
A. took B. take C. takes D. was taden
60. __________him not to do so, he wouldn’t have made such a serious mistake.
A. Did I persuade B. If I persuade
C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuaded
参考答案
1. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你去东湖的旅行怎么样，漂亮吗？——东湖应该是很美的一个湖泊，但现在被污染了。结合后文“but it is now heavily polluted”可知言外之意，这个湖泊之美要打上问号。should这个情态动词有“按理推测”的含义，可译成“理应……”等含义，符合对话的真实意图；will表“现在的自然倾向”，would表“过去习惯、倾向”，must 表“肯定推测”，均不符句意。故选D。
2. A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在我十几岁的时候，我经常感到烦恼，我的奶奶会安慰我说，“生活就是这样，亲爱的”。此处是would+动词原形，表示“过去总是做某事”。故选A。
3. C
【解析】考查情态动词。A. shouldn't 不应该；B. mustn't禁止，不允许；C. couldn' t 不可能；D. wouldn't不会。句意：---他对结果很满意，是吗? ---不。考试太难了，他不可能通过。固定结构：couldn' t have done“不可能做某事”，此处是对过去事情有把握的否定推测。故选C。
【点睛】
情态动词+ have done结构：
1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定.can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱.如：He can't have finished the work so soon.
3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点.这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could.如：They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余.如：I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些.如：
You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.（但没有）
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.（可是做了）
6.“would ＋ have ＋ 过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意.如：
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
4. C
【解析】考查含情态动词的进行时态。句意：——把电视关掉，杰克。你现在不应该做作业吗?——妈妈，请再给我十分钟。此处表示目前应该在做某事，should“应该”，这里用含情态动词的进行时态，故选C。
5. A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。A. shall用于第二、第三人称，则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气。B. must（必须，一定）用于肯定句。C. may（可以，能够）表允许时一般不与第三人称连用。D. need （表示没有必要或询问是否有必要） 需要；故选A。
6. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：-不好意思，我把窗户打开你介意吗?- 好吧，如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。A. can能够；B. may可能；C. must一定；必须；D. shall会；将。must表示偏要，必须要做的事情，故选C。
7. D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：房间如此干净，他一定是昨天晚上打扫过了。must have done表示对过去发生的事情有把握的猜测，意思是“一定（做过）”，故D项正确。
8. D
【解析】考查情态动词 + have done。句意：天气转晴了。我本不必费心把伞带在身边。A. should have taken本应该做某事，而实际上没做； B. must have taken对过去发生的事情的肯定猜测；C. couldn't have taken不可能；D. needn't have taken本来不需要，故选D。
9. C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：他是个脾气不好的家伙，但当他希望自己有魅力的时候，他可以变得相当可爱。此处表示“能、可以”，故C项正确。
10. C
【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：坦率地说，我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备做这件事，这看起来很奇怪和可笑。A. should have done表示本应该做某事，而实际上没有做某事；B. need have done表示本来需要做某事而没有做；C. would have done虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”；D. must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”。由“in the old days”可知，本句表示对过去事情的假设。故选C项。
11. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：安说无论什么时候她父亲不高兴的时候，他就会出去买些东西，通常是一些又大又没用的东西。A. should应该；B. could能；C. would总是，愿意；D. might可能。此处表示过去经常习惯做某事，故选C。
12. B
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：天气很冷而且地面是湿的，昨晚一定下了雨。根据上文the ground is wet可知，“昨晚下了雨”是肯定的，故用must have done“必定做了……”表示对过去十分有把握的推测，故选B。
13. D
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我有重要的事情要告诉John，但是我找不到他。——他的手机在这儿，所以他不可能走得太远。根据句意可知，此处是对过去的一种猜测，此处是表达不可能……，用can’t have done。故选D。
14. D
【解析】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：——你怎么了？——我生病了，我刚才不应该吃那么多冰激凌。A. shouldn’t eat不应该吃；B. mustn’t eat禁止吃；C. couldn’t have eaten不可能吃；D. shouldn’t have eaten本来不应该吃。根据just now可知，是发生在过去，故选D。
15. A
【解析】考查情态动词推测用法。句意：Jim来了吗？--我不知道，在我不在的时候，可能来过。根据前文I don’t know.可知，说话者不知道Jim来没来，因此后文推测来过，但是语气很不确定，故可知选A。对过去情况的推测 为情态动词+have done，must have done 一定做了某事，should have done 应该来过，不符合，故选A。
16. C
【解析】考查情态动词。A. must必须；B. need需要；C. may可能，或许；D. should应该。句意：即使失败了几百次，也要振作起来。此处表示一种不确定的推测，故选C。
17. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——有一台计算机来储存照片真是太棒了。——不要过度依赖它。它有时候也会出故障，你最好做一个备份。计算机出故障这是可能的事情，表示客观可能性用can。must肯定，必须；should应该；will表意愿。故B选项正确。
18. D
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意: ---凯瑟琳，我已经为你打扫了房间。 - - -谢谢。你本不必这么做的。我自己能行。A. needn’t do不必做某事；B. shouldn’t have done本不应该做某事； C. mustn’t do禁止做某事；D. needn’t have done本不必做某事。由“Thanks. I could manage it myself”可知，needn’t have done“ 本不必做某事，而实际上做了某事”符合句意。故选D项。
19. C
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：---那边的牌子上写的是什么?---任何人不得在本地区吸烟或携带点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。A. will表示现在的意志、愿望等，意为要，希望； B. may表示许可，或用于请求许可，意为可，可以；C. shall在陈述句中用于第二人称或第三人称，表示说话者的意志、命令、约定、决心、警告、威胁、预言等，意为必须，应该，要，得，给； D. must意为必须, 要,应当。 分析句意可知，词句表示任何都不准在这个区域吸烟或携带点着的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。故选C项。
20. D
【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：—对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。—噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。A.must必须；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”；could+have+done，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；should+have+done意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做”。故选D
21. C
【解析】考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：我已经点了一些披萨，所以我们回家累了就不用担心做饭了。A. can’t表示“无能力”；B. dare not表示“无勇气”；C. needn’t意为“无必要”；D. may not表示“推断”。 因为买了比萨饼，无必要担心回家后疲劳还要做饭。故选择C项。
22. D
【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：—Tony一定觉得我做的事很烦人，尽管他什么也没说。—所以你认为你得道歉吗?。由“what I did”可知，此处是对过去事情有把握的推测，must have done“一定是做某事了”。故选D项。
23. C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：既然你能在城市里找到一份体面的工作，为什么还要选择在偏远的乡村学校工作呢?此处考查must的特殊用法，“偏偏，非要”，故选C。
24. B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：只要我们愿意为这个社会努力，愿意与所存在的缺陷抗争到底，这个社会就能永远美好。句中情态动词may意为“可能”，表示推测，语意较弱。根据句意，故B项正确。
25. B
【解析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：——我想不出他为什么这么生气。我无意冒犯。——敏感是他的特点。A. must have been对过去事实肯定的推测；B. should have been本应该做某事，而实际没有做；C. might have been表示一种可能性，一种推测；D. can have been表示推测，题干中表示“本应该做某事，而实际没有做”，故选B。
26. C
【解析】考查shall的特殊用法。句意：根据学校规定，除非有亲生父母陪同，否则不得让任何儿童离开学校。A.should意为“按理说，应该，竟然”； B. must意为“必须，偏偏，非要”；C. shall用于第二和第三人称的陈述句时，有“警告、命令、威胁、允诺”等；D. can有“可能，可以”之意。分析语境可知，本句中含有命令或警告的意思，即如果不是亲生父母，谁也不得带走儿童，所以从语气来说，应该选C项。
【点睛】
Shall作为助动词，一般用于第一人称Ⅰ和We，表示一个将来的动作，构成将来时态。Shall后面接动词原形。例如：
（1）I shall think it over and Let you know my idea.
我将考虑一下此事，然后告诉你我的想法。
（2）We shall have a good time in the park.
我们在公园里会玩得很高兴的。1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。
如：What shall we do this evening? 我们开始上课好吗？
2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：
Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 他什么时候能出院？
3. Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
如：You shall fail if you don't work harder. 如果你不加倍努力，你会失败的。（警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading. 我读完后，他会得到那本书 （允诺）
He shall be punished if he do so. 如果他再这样做，必将受到处罚。（威胁）
27. C
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我胃不舒服，刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。由just now可知，本题谈论过去发生的事，在should或must之后接不定式的完成式。must表示推测只用于肯定句中，shouldn’t have done表说话之前不应该做某事，但事实上却做了，含有责备的口气。故选C.
28. A
【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：如果你想改善你的身材和健康，最有效的方法就是每次能去健身房的时候都去。A. can能；B. will将，愿意；C. may可以，能够；D. shall会，将。此处指能去的时候就去，表示能够，故选A.
29. D
【解析】考查含情态动词的虚拟语气。句意：一切都令人惊叹。谢谢大家。没有你的帮助我们是不可能成功的。此处couldn’t have done表示对过去事情有把握的否定推测，“不可能已经做了某事”，故选D。
30. A
考查情态动词表推测。句意：——Max昨天和他的家人去听音乐会了吗？——这份报告定于明天提交，他不可能已经参加。couldn’t have done表示对过去事情有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能已经做了某事”，故选A。
31. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：---为什么当时你不给我打电话?--哦,我的手机没电了。否则的话我会给你打的。此处相当于if条件状语从句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would /should /could/might +have+过去分词，指如果我手机当时有电的话我会给你打的。故选D.
【点睛】含蓄虚拟条件句就是将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句，比如将条件隐含在不定式短语中，分词短语中，介词短语中，名词短语中，或某些连词（如or, or else, otherwise等）中，将条件隐含在定语从句中，将条件隐含在一定的上下文中，等等。如：
To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。（=if you have studied harder, you…）
Failing this time, what would you do？假若这次失败，那你怎么办？（=If you failed this time, what…）
Without air, no one could live. 没有空气，人就不能活。（=If there were no air, no one could live.）
A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。（=If he had been a true friend, he would…）
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。（or else=if I had known he was a cheat）
Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。（=If anyone had seen that painting…）
Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. 不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。（=…If you read all these papers, It would take too long）
I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。（otherwise=if I were not so busy）
32. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——关于3D技术的讲座很有趣。——真可惜。我多么希望有时间参加啊。表达的是对过去事实的相反假设，要用虚拟语气；对过去的虚拟，宾语从句要用过去完成时态来构成，故选C。
33. B
【解析】考查情态动词与虚拟语气。句意：汤米，到了你该出发去机场的时间了。A. must必须；B. should应该；C. can能够；D. may可能。It’s time + that clause 时，that可省略，time可由high、about修饰，从句中的谓语动词有两种形式，或者用动词的过去式（be用were）；或者用shoud + 动词原形（should不能省略）。此句型为虚拟语气句型，表示“现在某人该做某事了”。含有该事早该去做而未做，现在去做似乎都为时已晚的意思。故选B项。
34. B
【解析】考查时态。句意：如果我早一点起床，我就不会错过那班火车了。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以从句用过去完成时态。故选B。
【点睛】
If引导的非真实条件句
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况，其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式（ be 动词用 were ），主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai.
如果天气好，我们就去上海。（事实上天气不好）
2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式，主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如： If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake. 如果我按照他的建议去做，我一定不会（不可能）犯这样的错误。
3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果，其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形，主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如： The glass would break if you dropped it. 杯子摔下来会打破的。（事实上没有摔下来）
35. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们事先预定了一张桌子，我们就不会站在长长的队伍里了。从句是对过去的虚拟，与过去事实相反，故从句中应使用过去完成时，主句与现在事实相反，使用would/could/might/should+do。根据题意，故选D。
36. D
【解析】考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。句意：他们在会议上见了许多著名的学者。我多么希望我也参加了。此处是虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以用过去完成时态，故答案为D。
【点睛】
wish引导的宾语从句
虚拟语气通常用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。通常有三种形式：
1.对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望：主语＋wish＋ 从句主语＋would（could, might）+动词原形
eg：I wish she would try again.我希望她能再试一次。
2.表示与现在事实相反的愿望：主语＋wish（that）＋从句主语＋动词过去式
eg：I wish I wasn’t leaving my son. 我希望我没离开我儿子。
3.对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时：主语＋wish（that）＋从句主语＋would/could have/had＋过去分词
eg：I wish you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
37. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果玛丽没在汽车事故中受伤，她会参加下一周的马拉松比赛。因为她受了伤，不能参加下周的比赛了，所以这里的下周是从过去某时间算起的下周，前一句是省略if的条件句，主句表示与过去事实相反，用would have done，故选B。
38. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装句。句意：在任何情况下即使是在金钱和美貌诱惑下，我们也决不能背叛自己。在It is required that句型中需要用虚拟语气should do形式。以否定意义的词开头句子要用部分倒装，under no circumstances 是否定词开头的，“在任何情况下都不”，放在句首，句子要倒装。因此C项正确。
39. C
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：不仅Bob应该去看医生而且也应该好好休息，这是很必要的。当not only…but also…连接两个分句时，以not only开头的句子要用部分倒装，又因为it is necessary后的that从句一般要用should +动词原形，故选C。
【点睛】
在It is imperative（essential，necessary，appropriate，desirable，important，vital...等）+that引导的主语从句中谓语动词应该用虚拟语气的形式，即：使用动词原形或should+动词原形。例如：
1. It is vitally important that they receive all the help available. 极为重要的是他们要得到所有可能得到的帮助。
2. It is important that you（should） keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言，这一点很重要。
3. It is necessary that he （should） come to our meeting tomorrow. 他明天来参加我们的会议是很必要的。
4. It is essential that our prices remain competitive. 我们保持价格方面的竞争优势是至关重要的。
5. It is most desirable that they should both come. 他们两个人都来，这最好不过了。
6. It is appropriate that the exhibition should be sponsored by BMW. 这个展览会由BMW来主办是恰当的。
40. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：如果不是昨天他拒绝向我道歉这个事实的话，我就不会揍他。第一空是过去完成时态，表示与过去的事实相反；第二空陈述过去一个事实，用一般过去时态。故选C。
41. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是他们的帮助，我们不可能及时完成计划。but for“要不是......”，相当于if虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，主句用would/should/could have done。故选D。
42. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果年轻时他不是被太多的工作所累，他现在将会身体更健康。根据语境可知，此处讲述与事实相反的事情，故用虚拟语气；由时间状语when young可推断，从句表示与过去相反的事实，谓语动词用过去完成时；且如果if省略句子用部分倒装有，had置句首。burden oneself with…“负重担”。故选A。
43. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：赶快吃下这个药。如果你昨天吃了这个药，你今天早就好了。本题是虚拟语气，题干中省略if，半倒装，根据yesterday判定与过去事实相反，从句要用过去完成时。故选A。
44. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气的倒装形式。此句是虚拟语气if sb. were ··, sb. would do sth.的变形，当if引导的虚拟状语从句中如有were/had/should，if省略后，从句要部分倒装。故选A。
45. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：Lily是一个好歌手。我多么希望我唱得和她一样好啊。wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，根据语境可知，从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词应用一般过去时。故选D。
46. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：那时候如果没有她的帮助，我英语现在不会学的如此好。根据时间状语then可推断，从句表示与过去事实相反，所以谓语动词用过去完成时。故选C。
47. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你仔细听我的建议，你就不会犯如此严重的错误了。根据后面you wouldn’t have made such a terrible mistake.可知，表示与过去事实相反的假设，其结构为：从句（If+主语+had+过去分词），主句（主语+should／would+have+过去分词）。故选D。
48. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。本题考查的条件句的虚拟语气，是与过去事实相反，条件句中使用“过去完成时”；主句使用“情态动词+have done”句意：我在会议上没有看见你的姐姐，如果她来参加会议，她就会遇见我的兄弟的。根据前句的didn’t see，说明本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故D正确。
49. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。
50. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：对不起，我现在太忙了。如果有时间我肯定和你一块去看电影。根据前一句中的now可知，本句中if引导的从句表示对现在的情况进行假设，从句用did，主句用“would＋do”，故选B。
51. A
【解析】考查时态。此处otherwise后面的从句，表达的内容与现实相反，因此应用虚拟语气。表示对将来情况的虚拟预期，从句应用should/could/would+do，因此选A。
52. B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。would have done表示对过去已发生的事情的推测，表示“可能……”，句意：——我们上星期种的小树怎么了？——如果我过去给它浇水的话，它可能已经长得很好了。故最佳答案是B项。
53. D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你就不能开的更快一点？——不能，如果我再有一个超速罚单，我爸爸会带走我的车。根据语境，表示与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时，故选D。
54. A
【解析】考察虚拟语气。句意"这个电影太枯燥了，我真希望我没来看它。"这里我们可知，作者已经来看了电影，那是对过去的假设，随意用过去完成时，故选A。
55. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有几分钟的空闲时间，我将会珍惜这个机会再问您一个问题。将来时的虚拟语气中，从句为：if+主语+were to do/should do/动词过去式，主句为：主语+should/would +do，故选A。
56. C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有我们组的努力，上周的艺术展览不会取得这么大的成功。介词without意为“若不是”“要不是”，在这里引出虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反，主句谓语动词用would/wouldn't have done sth。故选C。
57. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：John打坏了窗户，为什么跟“我”谈话？好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if / though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。
58. A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他们建议我们反对的那个提议在下次会议上被讨论。本题中的动词advocate后面的宾语从句要使用should+动词原形的虚拟语气，should可以省略；本题中还有一个定语从句we were opposed to用来修饰前面的名词proposal。故A正确。
【点睛】在高中英语中有部分动词的后面要使用should+动词原形的虚拟语气，should可以省略。英语中有四个表示“要求”的词，require, ask ,tell, demand；三个表示“建议”的词，suggest, recommend, advice；两个表示“命令”的词，order,command ；一个表示“坚持”的词，insist。他们后面接 should+动词原形 的虚拟语气。Should可以省略。
59. A
【解析】略
60. D
【解析】考查虚拟条件句的省略倒装。句意：如果我说服他不这样做，他就不会犯这么严重的错误了。由主句中的wouldn't have made可知本句是对过去事实的假设，条件句中的谓语动词应用“had+过去分词”，又因在if引导的虚拟条件句中，当从句谓语动词含有had, should, were时，可将if省略，而将had, should, were置于句首，故答案为D。