形容词副词比较级最高级汇总学案

1.   在形容词词尾加上 “er” “est” 构成比较级、最高级：

bright（明亮的）—brighter—brightest broad（广阔的）—broader—broadest

cheap（便宜的）—cheaper—cheapest clean（干净的）—cleaner—cleanest clever（聪明的）—cleverer—cleverest cold（寒冷的）—colder—coldest cool（凉的）—cooler—coolest dark（黑暗的）—darker—darkest

dear（贵的）—dearer—dearest deep（深的）—deeper—deepest

fast（迅速的）—faster—fastest few（少的）—fewer—fewest great（伟大的）—greater—greatest hard（困难的，硬的）—harder—hardest

high（高的）—higher—highest kind（善良的）—kinder—kindest light（轻的）—lighter—lightest long（长的）—longer—longest

loud（响亮的）—louder—loudest low（低的）—lower—lowest

near（近的）—nearer—nearest new（新的）—newer—newest

poor（穷的）—poorer—poorest quick（快的）—quicker—quickest

quiet（安静的）—quieter—quietest rich（富裕的）—richer—richest

short（短的）—shorter—shortest slow（慢的）—slower—slowest small（小的）—smaller—smallest smart（聪明的）—smarter—smartest soft（柔软的）—softer—softest strong（强壮的） —stronger—strongest sweet（甜的）—sweeter—sweetest tall（高的）-taller-tallest thick（厚的）—thicker—thickest warm（温暖的）—warmer—warmest weak（弱的）—weaker—weakest young（年轻的）—younger—youngest

2.双写最后一个字母，再加上 “er” “est” 构成比较级、最高级：

big（大的）—bigger—biggest fat（胖的）—fatter—fattest

hot（热的）—hotter—hottest red（红的）—redder—reddest

sad（伤心的）—sadder—saddest thin（瘦的）—thinner—thinnest

wet（湿的）—wetter—wettest mad（疯的）—madder—maddest

3. 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，加上 “r” “st” 构成比较级、最高级：

able（能干的）—abler—ablest brave（勇敢的）—braver—bravest close（接近的）—closer—closest fine（好的，完美的）—finer—finest

large（巨大的）—larger—largest late（迟的）—later—latest nice（好的）—nicer—nicest ripe（成熟的）—riper—ripest

rude（粗鲁的）—ruder—rudest safe（安全的）—safer—safest strange（奇怪的）—stranger—strangest wide（宽广的）—wider—widest

wise（睿智的，聪明的）—wiser—wisest white（白的）—whiter—whitest

4. 以字母y结尾的形容词，把y改为i，再加上 “er” “est” 构成比较级、最高级：

busy（忙碌的）—busier—busiest dirty（脏的）—dirtier—dirtiest  dry（干燥的）—drier—driest early（早的）—earlier—earliest

easy（容易的）—easier—easiest friendly（友好的）—friendlier—friendliest

 funny（好玩的）—funnier—funniest happy（开心的）—happier—happiest healthy（健康的）—healthier—healthiest heavy（重的）—heavier—heaviest

hungry（饿的）—hungrier—hungriest lazy（懒惰的）—lazier—laziest

lucky（幸运的）—luckier—luckiest naughty（调皮的）—naughtier—naughtiest noisy（嘈杂的）—noisier—noisiest pretty（美丽的）—prettier—prettiest

silly（傻的）—sillier—silliest spicy（辣的）—spicier—spiciest

thirsty（渴的）—thirstier—thirstiest ugly（丑的）—uglier—ugliest

5. 双音节、多音节形容词，在单词前面加上 “more” “most” 构成比较级、最高级：

afraid（害怕的）—more afraid—most afraid beautiful（美丽的）—more beautiful—most beautiful careful（仔细的）—more careful—most careful cheerful（开心的）—more cheerful—most cheerful crowded（拥挤的）—more crowded—most crowded dangerous（危险的）—more dangerous—most dangerous delicious（美味的）—more delicious—most delicious difficult（困难的）—more difficult—most difficult exciting（令人兴 奋的）—more exciting—most exciting expensive（昂贵的）—more expensive—most expensive famous（著名的）—more famous—most famous frightened（受惊的）—more frightened—most frightened frightening（令人害怕的）—more frightening—most frightening hard-working（勤奋的）—more hard-working—most hard-working helpful（有帮助的）—more helpful—most helpful honest（诚实的）—more honest—most honest important（重要的）—more important—most important interesting（有趣的）—more interesting—most interesting polite（有礼貌的）—more polite—most polite terrible（可怕的）—more terrible—most terrible tired（累的）—more tired—most tired

6.不规则变化的形容词：

bad（坏的）—worse—worst far（远的）—farther—farthest (far—further—furthest) good（好的）—better—best ill（病的）—worse—worst

little（少的）—less—least many（多的）—more—most

much（多的）—more—most old（年老的）—older—oldest ( old—elder—eldest)

well（好的，身体好的）—better—best

1.一般在词尾直接加er或est,

例如,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest

2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,

例如,nice-nicer-nicest

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,

例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest

4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,

例如,big-bigger-biggest

5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,

例如,slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful

一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

1．一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；

（1）单音节词

如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest

tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

（2）双音节词

如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；

如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest

3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；

如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；

如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

5．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；

如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.

例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2） 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".

It is a most important problem.

=It is a very important problem.

6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.

如：good→better→best well→better→best

bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most little→less→least

far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”.

如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高.

注意：

① 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较.

②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”.

如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.

③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级.

2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”

如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.

春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.

It is getting cooler and cooler.

天气越来越凉爽.

The wind became more and more heavily.

风变得越来越大.

Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.

我们的学校变得越来越美丽.

3．在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式.

如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?

4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.

The more money you make, the more you spend.

钱你赚得越多,花得越多.

The sooner,the better.

越快越好.

5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：

①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.

如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.

这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)

②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.

如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.

亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.

如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.

我们学校比你们学校大两倍.

6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思.

句子中有表示范围的词或短语.如：of the three, in our class等等.

如：He is the tallest in our class.

他在我们班里是最高的.

7."否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义.

Nothing is so easy as this.

=Nothing is easier than this.

=This is the easiest thing.

8. 比较级与最高级的转换：

Mike is the most intelligent in his class.

Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class

7.修饰比较级和最高级的词

1）可修饰比较级的词

①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等.

②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语.

③. 以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面.

注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内.

(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.

(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.

2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost.

This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.

注意：

a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同.

This is the very best.

This is much the best.

b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级.

Africa is the second largest continent.

8.要避免重复使用比较级.

(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.

(对) He is more clever than his brother.

(对) He is cleverer than his brother.

9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中.

(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.

(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.

10.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则.

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

11.要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词.

比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?

Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

She is taller than her two sisters.

She is the taller of the two sisters.