人教版高考英语语法总复习专题六定语从句与名词性从句课件PPT

这是一份人教版高考英语语法总复习专题六定语从句与名词性从句课件PPT，共42页。PPT课件主要包含了which　，〔真题试做〕 ，定语从句，who　，where　，when　，〔核心突破〕，As　，how　，名词性从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、定语从句二、名词性从句
1． (2017·全国Ⅰ，70)Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, _________is nt gd fr the health.解析：考查定语从句。吃太多的脂肪和盐对健康有害。根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的t much f bth，在定语从句中作主语，故要用which。【误解分析】有些同学可能会误填that。that不可引导非限制性定语从句。
2． (2017·全国Ⅲ，64)Her father Peter, 44, wants her t give up schl t mdel full­time. But Sarah, _______has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，在从句中作主语，故要用wh。3． (2017·浙江，64)Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt swept int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, _________it remained until the carrt's leafy tp accidentally spruted (生长) thrugh it.解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。
4． (2016·全国Ⅰ)But my cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid­1980s, ________I was the first Western TV reprter permitted t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild.解析：分析句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the mid­1980s为表示时间的名词，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导定语从句。
5． (2016·全国Ⅲ)Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, _______ lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B. C．， influenced the develpment f chpsticks.解析：句意：有些人认为中国的伟大圣贤孔子，大约生活在公元前551—479年，对筷子的发展影响很大。根据句意可知，空格后lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C.，是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词Cnfucius指人，故需用关系代词wh引导非限制性定语从句。
6． (2015·全国Ⅰ)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River ______________are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings.解析：句意：我不去附近的桂林，这是游客尽览灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之地，被许多艺术家在许多国画中描绘的地方。先行词为“the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River”，指物；关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。
that/which　
7． (2015·广东卷)When harvest came arund, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cttn in the market _________peple frm the twn met regularly.解析：句意：当收获的季节到来，他在各镇人们来往的集市上售卖草药、蔬莱和棉花。先行词是表示地点的名词market；从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。8． (2014·全国Ⅰ)Maybe yu have a habit ______________is driving yur family crazy.解析：句意：可能你有一种让家人发疯的习惯。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是a habit；关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
1． (2017·全国Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is n the rftp f their huse. ______________解析：考查定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，缺少主语，指前面的garden，应该使用which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
that→ which　
2． (2017·全国Ⅲ)Arund me in the picture are the things they were very imprtant in my life at that time. ___________________解析：考查定语从句。此处修饰前面的名词things，并且作主语，应该使用which或者that引导定语从句。3． (2016·四川卷)The dishes what I cked were Mm's favrite. __________________________解析：先行词为the dishes，且定语从句中cked后面缺少宾语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。因其在从句中作宾语，故可省略关系代词。
they → which/that　
what→that/which或去掉what　
1．6种只用that引导定语从句的情况(1)先行词是all，everything，anything，nthing，smething，little，much，nne，few，the ne等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all，any，few，every，n，little，much，sme等词修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。(4)先行词被the nly，the very (正是、恰是)，the last修饰时。(5)先行词含有人和物两者时。(6)先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时。
考点一　关系代词that，which，as引导的定语从句
2．4种只用which引导定语从句的情况(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。(3)先行词本身是that时。(4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
3．5种多用as引导定语从句的情况(1)非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可。(2)非限制性定语从句的谓语为be annunced，be expected, be knwn, be mentined, be reprted, be said等被动式谓语。(3)表示整个主句内容，有时含有“按照；正如；根据”等意思。(4)在下列固定结构中，关系代词代表整个主句所述的内容：①as we all knw我们都知道②as we all can see正如我们大家所能看到的那样③as is ften the case情况常常如此④as is well knwn众所周知(5)当先行词被such，the same，s＋adj.＋a/an，such a/an＋adj.修饰时。
1．wh和whm的用法(1)先行词为ne，nes，anyne，thse指代人时。Thse wh are interested in the film can cntact me.对该电影感兴趣的可与我联系。(2)当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whm，whm在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可放在后面，也可提前构成介词＋whm (先行词指人)结构。The settlement is hme t nearly 1000 peple，many f whm left their village hmes fr a better life in the city，这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。
考点二　关系代词wh，whm，whse
2．whse的用法whse指人或物，作定语，表示“……的”，可转换为“f＋关系代词”。关系代词whse一般指人，表示“该人的”，也可指物，表示“该物的”，在以物为先行词时，可用f which代替在从句中作定语。[提示]　关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。①Tm is ne f the engineers wh are sent abrad。汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。②Tm is the nly ne f the engineers wh has cme up with the slutin.汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。
关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由 (先行词常见的是reasn)的名词，在从句中作状语。The girl arranged t have pian lessns at the training centre with her sister where she wuld stay fr an hur.小女孩准备在培训中心与她的妹妹一起上钢琴课，在那里她可以待一小时。The reasn why I dn't trust him is that he ften tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
考点三　关系副词引导的定语从句
[提示]　当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：pint，situatin，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which。
1．“介词＋关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whm。当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略。Care f the sul is a gradual prcess in which even the small details f life shuld be cnsidered.关爱灵魂是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生活中的小细节也应顾及。He bught the car fr mre than $20,000，with which his father was angry.他花2万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。
考点四　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋f＋which/whm”引导的定语从句The grwing speed f a plant is influenced by a number f factrs，mst f which are beynd ur cntrl.植物的生长速度受到很多因素的影响，其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。There are arund fur hundred students in ur grade，mst f whm are frm the Xicheng District.我们年级有大约四百名学生，其中大多数都来自西城区。
单句填空/单句改错1．The next day, my brther and I went t the beach _________we watched sme peple play vlleyball.解析：句意：第二天我和弟弟去了海边，在那里看一些人打排球。由句子结构可知设空处引导定语从句。先行词是地点名词beach，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。2．______smene said, “Art is life.”解析：先行词是后面的一句话，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，又因定语从句置于句首，故用关系代词as引导定语从句。
3．Culd yu recmmend a htel where is in the centre f the twn? ____________________解析：先行词是a htel，从句中缺少主语，故用that/which引导定语从句。4．The centre became a place which many peple came t talk abut their hpes and fears. _______________解析：定语从句先行词是place，表地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。
where→that/which　
which→where　
5．The exact year when we spent tgether in Beijing was 2016. __________________________解析：在本句中先行词是the exact year，关系词在从句中作spent的宾语，故用which/that引导定语从句。
when→which/that或去掉when　　
1． (2015·全国Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Puebl Indians figured ut exactly _______thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days.解析：根据语境和设空后的形容词thick可知应用hw引导宾语从句，表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。故答案为hw。
2． (2014·广东卷)I didn't understand _______this wuld happen and my credit card had already been charged.解析：句意：我不明白这种事情为什么发生，我的信用卡早被扣钱了。设空后的从句为宾语从句，该从句缺少原因状语，故填why引导宾语从句。
1． (2016·全国Ⅰ)My uncle is the wner f a restaurant clse t that I live. ______________解析：连接词在此引导宾语从句且在从句中作地点状语，故用where。2． (2015·四川卷)If yu ntice that when smene is missing r hurt, tell yur teacher immediately. __________解析：此处是由that引导ntice后的宾语从句，when多余。
that→where　
3． (2015·全国Ⅰ)After lking at the ty fr sme time, he turned arund and fund where his parents were missing. ______________________解析：fund后面接的宾语从句结构和意义均完整，故用that引导宾语从句，或去掉where。
where→that或去掉where　
1．that连接从句时，没有具体意思，不充当句子成分，只是起标志性的作用，但that不能省略。what引导时，既要在从句中充当成分，又有意义。It never ccurred t me that yu culd succeed in persuading him t change his mind.我从来没想到你会成功地说服他改变主意。
2．whether连接从句时，表示怀疑，不能省略，意为“是否”，在句首时不能用if替换。Whether it will d us harm r gd remains t be seen.究竟此事对我们有害还是有利，还有待观察。3．连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。Wh will take ver the cmpany has nt been decided.谁将接管公司还没定好。
4．用it作形式主语的常用句型(1)It＋系动词＋形容词 (necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrng/imprtant/certain等)＋that从句(2)It＋be＋名词 (短语) (a pity/a shame/n wnder等)＋that从句(3)It＋be＋过去分词 (said/tld/reprted/decided等)＋that从句(4)It＋特殊动词 (seems，appears，happens，matters)＋that从句
It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。It is reprted that the accident was caused by carelessness.据报道，该事故源于 (司机的)粗心驾驶。5．在It is necessary/imprtant/suggested/advised/rdered＋that从句结构中，从句用“ (shuld＋)动词原形”。
1．引导宾语从句的连接词从属连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，wh，whse，whatever，whichever，whever等；连接副词when，where，why，hw等；从句用陈述语序。
①We prmise whever attends the party a chance t have a pht taken with the mvie star.我们许诺，任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。②I truly believe that beauty cmes frm within.我确信美来自内在。③What we shuld take with us depend n where we'll stay.我们需要随身带什么东西，取决于我们将在什么地方停留。
2．it作形式宾语的宾语从句(1)一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语、而将that引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有：find，feel，think，cnsider，believe，guess，suppse，make等。He has made it clear that the meeting will nt be pstpned.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。(2)动词hate，like，dislike，appreciate，enjy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see t，depend n，rely n等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall see t it that he is taken gd care f when yu are absent.你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。
1．引导表语从句的连接词从属连词that，whether；连接代词what，wh，whse，whatever，whichever，whever等；连接副词when，where，why，hw等；从句用陈述语序。I'd like t start my wn business—that's what I'd d if I had the mney.我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
2．常见的表语从句句型(1)It lks/seems as if...好像……；仿佛……(2)This is because...这是因为…… (强调原因)(3)The reasn that...……的原因是……(4)That is why...那就是……的原因 (强调结果)(5)The questin/prblem is whether/when/where...问题是……(6)His dream/suggestin/aim/purpse is that...他的梦想/建议/目标/目的是……(7)what从句＋be＋that从句That is because he didn't wrk hard.那是因为他没有足够努力工作。
在名词性从句中，同位语从句是比较难理解的一种从句，虽然在近几年全国卷中没有直接考查过，但需要注意掌握其以下可能考查的方向。1．that连接从句时从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，that不能省略，没有具体的意思，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。what引导时，既要在从句中充当成分，又有意义。另外，注意定语从句中的引导词that也要在从句中作成分 (主语、宾语)。When the news came that the war brke ut，he decided t serve in the army.当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定到军队中服役。
2．连接代词、连接副词引导同位语从句时连接词不能省略，并在从句中充当句子成分。He shwed us his way hw he wrked ut that prblem.他向我们展示了他计算那道题的方法。3．同位语从句要用陈述语序。
单句填空/单句改错1．Yur supprt is imprtant t ur wrk. _________________yu can d helps.解析：what/whatever引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语。2．We must find ut ________Karl is cming, s we can bk a rm fr him.解析：“ ________”Karl is cming为宾语从句，作动词短语find ut的宾语，该从句中缺少时间状语．故填when。
What/Whatever　
3．The exhibitin shws we shuld d t stp air pllutin. _______________解析：shws后接宾语从句中谓语动词d后缺少宾语，故用what引导宾语从句。4．It suddenly ccurred t him he had left his keys in the ffice. _____________解析：that引导主语从句不能省略。5．It remains t be seen if the plicy can be put int effect r nt. ______________解析：if不能与r nt连用。
shws后加what　
if→whether