- 专题02 高频语法之形容词、副词与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考专用) 试卷 7 次下载
- 专题03 高频语法之动词的时态、语态与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考专用) 试卷 8 次下载
- 专题05 高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考专用) 试卷 9 次下载
- 专题06 高频语法之状语从句、并列句、特殊句型与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考专用) 试卷 8 次下载
- 专题07 阅读理解之细节题 -2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考专用) 试卷 8 次下载
专题04 高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考专用)
展开一、非谓语动词
1. 思维导图
2. 高考真题再现
一、2021年高考真题
1.(2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空)
Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur 8 (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系,所以此处应该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
2.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)
It is pssible 3 (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
【答案】 t walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + t d的形式,故填 t walk 。
3.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)
After 4 (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加ding形式,故填spending。
4.(2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空)
Minimize the impact f 7 (visit) the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目,句子中已经有一个谓语动词,判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词f的宾语,所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意:最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。
5.(2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空)
Activitithere range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim 10 (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
【答案】t have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目,句子中已经有一个谓语动词,判断此处填非谓语动词。aim t d sth,意为 "目的在于做某事" ,因此应填不定式形式。句意:……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填t have。
6.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)
Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver 8 (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
【答案】 t plant
【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访,在前院里种些花。
7.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)
In 1985, urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.
【答案】studied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知study做urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries的定语,动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系,故答案为 studied。
8.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)
This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 9 (live) in the cuntryside, including lwer levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
【答案】 living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知 live in the cuntryside是peple的后置定语,动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语peple是主动关系, 故答案为living。
二、2020年高考真题
1.(2020·新课标I卷语法填空)Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
【答案】t find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填t find。
2. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They represent the earth 63. (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
【答案】cming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与cme back t之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填cming。
3. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65. (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
【答案】 decrated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的range trees,与decrate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decrated。
4. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They are easy 68. (care) fr and make great presents.
【答案】 t care。
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + t d”结构。故填t care。
5. (2020·新课标III卷语法填空)The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67. (find) the well-knwn painter.
【答案】 t find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set ut t d sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填t find。
6. (2020·新课标III卷语法填空)And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69. (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
【答案】 surrunding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the sft cluds 69 (surrund) the muntain tps是独立主格结构做状语,surrund在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语cluds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrunding。
7.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in histry r 43.(walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
【答案】 walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb ding sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
8. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60.(change)lives.
【答案】 t change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填t change。
9. (2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later,they learned t wrk with the seasns (seasn),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, 63. (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】 making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use f和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(ding)形式做状语。故填making。
三、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Mdem methds ___f__ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
【答案】t perfrm
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用t perfrm。
2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements,…
【答案】nting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填nting。
3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-ld has been awarded“Wman Of The Year”fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week.
【答案】 being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词fr可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being。
4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,prud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
【答案】t retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用t d sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”,故填t retire。
5.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we gt a call ___68___ (say)she was shrt-listed,we thught it was ___a__ jke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。
6.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On ur way t the huse,it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】t get
【解析】考查非谓语。 句意:我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法:It takes time t d sth.:花时间做某事,该句式中it作形式主语,time做宾语,使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间,用hw lng 对其进行提问,不影响不定式的使用,故答案为t get。
7.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day f ur week-lng stay,we _were invited__(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars,___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后meeting interesting lcals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。
8.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。r连接两个并列成分,根据r前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
9.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But sme students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the unifrm.
【答案】t wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want t d sth想要做某事,这里是动词不定式作t的宾语。故填t wear。
10.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervusly ___2___ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t _myself_(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
11.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day,___4___(mark)n 22 April,is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.
【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知,设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语,且与其之间是被动关系,要用过去分词。故填marked。
四、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
【答案】62. t see ; 63.dying
【解析】62.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填t see。63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处f是介词,其后用动名词。故填dying。
2.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality.
【答案】t imprve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encurages,故imprve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填t imprve。
3.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
【答案】64.lking;65.challened
【解析】64.考查动词。动词avid后要加ding。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用lking。
65.考查非谓语。根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词,表示“被挑战”,用过去分词challenged。
4.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友,表示记得做过某事用remember ding sth., 故填visiting。
3. 考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(ding);
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(dne);
(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(t d)。
2. 掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
It’s+形容词+(fr/f sb. +)t d sth. ;It’s n gd/use/pleasure ding sth. ;find/think/believe/cnsider+it+ adj. +t d sth. 。
3. 牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
4. 巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。
4. 知识点拓展
1:考点梳理
非谓语动词作主语的用法;
非谓语动词作表语的用法;
非谓语动词作定语的用法;
非谓语动词作状语的用法;
非谓语动词作宾语的用法;
非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。
考点1 基本用法
考点2 非谓语动词作主语
1. 动词-ing和不定式都可作主语,但动词-ing多表示一般情况,而不定式常指具体情况。
Teaching English is my jb.
T write an email t the manager is my wrk tday.
2. 动词-ing和不定式作主语时,句子前后应保持结构的一致性。
Seeing is believing.
T see is t believe.
3. “there be+n+主语”这种结构中通常用动词-ing作主语,而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不可能,无法”,相当于“it is impssible t d sth.”。
There is n reasning with him.
注意:本句型中的n有时可用nt any或never any代替。如There is never any telling what will happen in the future.
4. 不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。
T keep healthy is imprtant.
=It is imprtant t keep healthy.
注意:It is+adj.+fr sb. t d sth. 中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(imprtant, impssible, right等),如:It is impssible fr a man t fly by himself. 而It is+adj.+f sb. t d sth.中adj.为表示人的品质的词(kind, flish, clever, wrng, wise, nice等),如It is kind f yu t help me with my English.
5. 动词-ing作主语用形式主语it代替时,常在特定结构It is wrthwhile/n gd/n use/a waste f...中使用。
It is a waste f time regretting fr the past.
6. 单个不定式、动词-ing作主语时谓语动词用单数;并列不定式或动词-ing作主语时若指整体概念,谓语动词仍用单数。
T learn a freign language well is nt easy.
Taking exercise des gd t yur health.
Ging t bed early and getting up early is a gd habit.
7. “疑问词+t d”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。
Where t find the lst keys is still a prblem.
I was wndering hw t get there.
My prblem is when t change the plan.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
考点4 非谓语动词作表语
1. 不定式、动词-ing和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况,而动词-ing表示通常状况,动词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。
Tny’s plan is t finish his essay by the end f this mnth.
My favurite sprt is playing vlleyball.
The news is very exciting.
My jacket is wrn ut.
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:
My mney is stlen. (主系表结构,表状态或结果,多为一般时态)
My mney was stlen by an unemplyed guy. (被动语态表被动的动作)
3. 动词-ing作表语与进行时态的区别:
His favrite sprt is playing ftball. (主系表结构)
His behavir is pleasing. (主系表结构)
He is playing ftball. (现在进行时)
4. 形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing
很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing在使用中都已转化成为形容词,用作表语或状语。一般而言,动词-ing表属性,过去分词表心理活动,常见的有:interest, mve, tuch, wrry, inspire, encurage, disappint, please, satisfy, bre, tire, invite, puzzle, cnfuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise, astnish, shck, embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discurage, anny, exhaust等。
The pictures n the wall interest me.
The pictures n the wall are interesting.
I am interested in the pictures n the wall.
考点5 非谓语动词作状语
考点5 非谓语动词作定语
1. 单个动词-ing和过去分词作定语,应置于被修饰的名词前。
a sleeping by(动词-ing作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态)
fallen leaves(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果)
the brken glass(及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成)
2. 动词-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语,应置于被修饰的名词之后。
The persn speaking_nw is ur manager. (正在讲话)
The persn t_speak is ur manager. (将要讲话)
The rm already_repaired is my ffice. (已经维修)
The rm being_repaired is my ffice. (正在维修)
The rm t_be_repaired is my ffice. (将要维修)
注意:①修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。如:Lucy is always the first t cme.
②在句型have/give/find/need/want+宾语+t d中,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。如:I have a lt f wrk t d tday.
③There be句型中的非谓语动词作定语,表意如下:
There is much wrk t d /t be dne. (将要做)
There is a white dg running n the playgrund. (正在跑)
There were peple killed in the accident. (已经丧生)
④有些名词常接不定式作定语,如have the ability/the right/the chance/the curage/n time t d...
考点6 非谓语动词作补足语
二、模拟演练
1
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
English perfectly shws the “netwrk effects” f a glbal tngue: the mre peple use it, the mre useful it is. Parents expect their children 1. (master)English, which is encuraging the 2. (grw)f private schling. Educatin authrities are switching t English medium, in part t cntrl the utflw(外流) f children int the private sectr.
Teaching children in English is fine if that is 3. they speak at hme and their parents are fluent 4. it. But that is nt 5. case in mst public and lw-cst private schls. Children are taught in a language they dn’t understand by teachers 6. English is pr. The children learn neither English nr anything else.
Research shws that children learn 7. (much)when they are taught in their mther tngue than they d when they are taught in any ther language. In a study f children in 12 schls in Camern last mnth, thse taught in Km 8. (d)better than thse taught in English in all subjects.
English shuld be an imprtant subject at schl, but nt 9. (necessary)the language f instructin. Rather than switching t English-medium teaching, gvernments fearful f 10. (lse) custm (光顾) t the private sectr shuld lk at the many pssible ways f imprving public schls.
【答案】
1. t master
2. grwth
3. what
4. in
5. the
6. whse
7. mre
8. did
9. necessarily
10. lsing
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。短文阐述了儿童教学宜采用母语,而非英语。
1. 考查动词不定式。expect sb t d sth “期望某人做某事”为固定短语。故填 t master。
2. 考查名词。 the +名词+f...“。。。。。。。的”。故填grwth。
3. 考查连接代词。分析句子可知,is后接表语从句。在表语从句中,what作speak的宾语。故填 what。
4. 考查介词。be fluent in“在方面流利”为固定短语。故填in。
5. 考查冠词。this is nt the case“情况不是这样”为固定短语。故填the。
6. 考查关系代词。分析句子可知,teachers 为先行词,在后面的定语从句中作定语,所以关系代词为whse。故填whse。
7. 考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知,空处应填much的比较级mre。故填mre。
8. 考查一般过去时。由“last mnth”可知,本句为一般过去时。所以空处填did。故填did 。
9. 考查副词。necessarily为副词修饰整个句子。故填necessarily。
10. 考查动名词。f 为介词后接动名词作宾语。故填lsing。
2
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pinyin is a successful tl, which 11. (teach) in China t schl kids. It is nt merely used by westerners like us. It has prved t be a useful tl fr Chinese peple 12. (they) t learn standard prnunciatin in their early educatin.
The first step is t learn hw 13. (prnunce) each letter in pinyin crrectly and the meaning f the tne markers. Then yu have t d 14. (drill) as many as yu can. Turn that int a game. It can be 15. (much) fun than yu wuld expect. Start 16. single syllables and d that a lt and then syllable pairs. Slwly mve n t larger grups. Understand the initial, final and the tnes.
But mst imprtantly, 17. yu need is gd feedback. Yu’d better have smene that can crrect yur mistakes immediately.
Find a native Chinese, 18. can listen t yu and crrect yu. If yu take Chinese classes, the teacher will 19. (prbable) have yu d drills every class. D this very seriusly.
If yu are self-studying, try t meet native Chinese peple and ask them t give yu sme feedback. Otherwise, try t be self-critical and listen very carefully. Gd 20. (listen) is mre than 50% f what it takes t prnunce crrectly.
【答案】
11. is taught
12. themselves
13. t prnunce
14. drills
15. mre
16. with
17. what
18. wh
19. prbably
20. listening
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文就如何学习好中国的拼音提出了一些建议。
11. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知,tl为先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,且与谓语teach为被动。因为本句在介绍“拼音”,所以本句为一般现在时。故填is taught 。
12. 考查反身代词。分析句子可知,拼音已被证明是中国人在早期教育中学习标准发音的有用工具。所以Chinese peple 与they的反身代词为同位关系,所以填反身代词themselves。故填themselves 。
13. 考查动词不定式。hw t d sth 在句中作 learn的宾语。故填t prnunce。
14. 考查名词复数。drill为可数名词,由“as many as”可知,应填drill的复数。故填drills 。
15. 考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知,应填much的比较级mre。故填 mre 。
16. 考查介词。start with “以开始”为固定短语且符合句意。故填with。
17. 考查连接代词。分析句子可知,本句为主语从句,主语为we,谓语为need,所以用what作need的宾语。what在名词性从句中一定做成分,而且常做主语、宾语、表语或者定语。故填what。
18. 考查关系代词。分析句子可知,a native Chinese为先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语。所以关系代词为wh。故填wh 。
19. 考查副词。prbably为副词修饰动词have。故填prbably。
20. 考查名词。Gd为形容词修饰名词listening。故填listening。
3
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have yu ever met anyne f yur age frm America? D yu think yu wuld have a lt 21. cmmn with the middle schl students there?
In fact, there are lts f 22. (different). Fr example, classes in American schls are 23. (small) than urs. Mst classes in America have n mre than 30 students. Mst students in the US dn’t wear schl unifrms, and they never d grup exercises each day the way we d. 24. we d exercises in the mrning tgether will make them surprised.
In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.What’s the first thing yu think abut when yu get up in the mrning? It’s 25. (prbable) yur lessns at schl. Yu may wnder26. yu have finished yur hmewrk. Chinese students are always under lts f pressure bth at hme 27. at schl. They study hard at night, and smetimes even n weekends because exams are very imprtant t them.
Fr Chinese students, schl is life, but nt fr American students. They dn’t have t wrry abut passing exams all the time, s they can spend time in and ut f schl 28. (d) things they enjy. Students d different things fr fun. Playing sprts, making music and surfing the website are all their favrite activities. Many American teachers think that 29. (study) hard isn’t enugh t make gd students. They encurage students 30. (try) lts f different things.
【答案】
21. in
22. differences
23. smaller
24. That
25. prbably
26. if/whether
27. and
28. ding
29. studying
30. t try
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章比较了美国学生和中国学生的不同之处。
21. 考查介词。句意:你认为你会和那里的中学生有很多共同之处吗?短语have sth. in cmmn“在……方面有共同点”。故填in。
22. 考查名词的数。句意:事实上,有很多不同之处。本句为there be句型,缺少名词做主语,且由lts f修饰故填名词复数形式differences。
23. 考查形容词比较级。句意:事实上,例如,美国学校的班级比我们的小。它们有很多不同之处。根据下文than可知应填形容词比较级smaller。
24. 考查连接词。句意:我们早上一起做练习会让他们感到惊讶。本句为主语从句,从句中不缺少成分,且位于句首,故填That。
25. 考查副词。句意:可能是你在学校上的课。本句中副词做状语修饰句子,故填prbably。
26. 考查连接词。句意:你可能想知道你是否完成了家庭作业。从句中不缺少任何成分,由此可断定用that/if/whether,结合句意可知,需用表达“是否”意思的连接词,that无意义,因此断定用if/whether。
27. 考查固定短语。句意:中国学生在家里和学校总是承受着很大的压力。短语bth…and…“两者都……”,故填and。
28. 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们不必一直担心通过考试,所以他们可以花时间在学校内外做他们喜欢的事情。短语spend time ding sth.“花费时间做某事”,故填ding。
29. 考查非谓语动词。句意:许多美国老师认为努力学习不足以成为好学生。本句为宾语从句,从句中需要动名词短语做主语,故填studying。
30. 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们鼓励学生尝试许多不同的东西。短语encurage sb. t d sth.“鼓励某人做某事”后跟不定式,故填t try。
4
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three-quarters f the wrld's cffee farms destry frest habitat t grw cffee in the sun and usually use harmful pesticides(杀虫剂) and 31. (chemical) that pisn the envirnment. When frests disappear, migratry (迁徙的)sngbirds disappear, t. In rder t deal with increasing ppulatin and habitat 32. (lse),Smithsnian scientists created the Bird Friendly certificatin (证书).
Bird Friendly cffees are shade-grwn, meaning the cffee is planted under trees, rather than n the land that 33. (clear) f all ther plants. Cffee experts say shade-grwn cffees taste 34. (gd), because the beans ripen slwer than cffee grwn in the full sun, 35. (result) in a richer, mre cmplex flavr (味道). Bird Friendly certified cffees grw under bi-diverse shade that prvides habitat fr migratry sngbirds and ther wildlife, stres carbn 36. fights climate change. Bird Friendly cffees are als certified rganic, meaning they are grwn withut pesticides, 37. is better fr peple and fr the planet.
Bird Friendly prducers can als earn mre fr their crps. The wd and fruit trees n shade cffee farms prvide additinal incme 38. farmers. Every cup f Bird Friendly cffee bught rewards these farmers with a little mre mney fr taking gd care f the envirnment and encurages them t cntinue 39. (prtect) Bird Friendly habitat.
Yu can buy Bird Friendly certified cffees thrughut the wrld and prtect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a stre r cafe near yu, r better yet, have it 40. (deliver) t yur dr when yu rder nline.
【答案】
31. chemicals
32. lss
33. has been cleared/is cleared
34. better
35. resulting
36. and
37. which
38. fr
39. prtecting/t prtect
40. delivered
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍史密森学会的科学家创造的the Bird Friendly认证。这主要是为了应对鸟类增长的人口和栖息地的丧失。
31. 考查名词复数。句意:通常使用有害的杀虫剂和毒害环境的化学品。结合句意可知此处用名词复数,故答案为chemicals。
32. 考查名词。句意:为了应对增长的人口和栖息地的丧失,史密森学会的科学家创造了the Bird Friendly certificatin。结合句意可知此处用名词,lse的名词是“lss”,故答案为lss。
33. 考查时态和语态。句意:适合鸟类生长的咖啡是在树荫下种植的,这意味着咖啡种植在树下,而不是种植在已经清除了所有其他植物的土地上。结合句意可知此处用一般现在时态或现在完成时态的被动语态,且主语是land,单数第三人称,故答案为has been cleared/is cleared。
34. 考查比较级。句意:咖啡专家说,在阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好,因为咖啡豆比在阳光下生长的咖啡成熟得慢,因此味道更丰富、更复杂。根据than可知此处用形容词的比较级,故答案为better。
35. 考查现在分词。句意:咖啡专家说,在阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好,因为咖啡豆比在阳光下生长的咖啡成熟得慢,因此味道更丰富、更复杂。此处是现在分词作自然的结果状语,故答案为resulting。
36. 考查并列连词。句意:经过鸟类友好认证的咖啡生长在生物多样性的树荫下,为候鸟和其他野生动物提供栖息地,储存碳,对抗气候变化。此处是并列关系,故答案为and。
37. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:对鸟类无害的咖啡也被认证为有机咖啡,这意味着它们在种植过程中不使用杀虫剂,这对人类和地球都有好处。此处是整个句子做先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,故答案为which。
38. 考查固定搭配。句意:树荫下的咖啡农场里的树木和果树为农民提供了额外的收入。固定搭配:prvide sb. with sth./prvide sth. fr sb.“提供给某人某物”。故答案为fr。
39. 考查固定搭配。句意:鼓励他们继续保护鸟类的栖息地。固定搭配:cntinue t d/ding sth.“继续做某事”,故答案为prtecting/t prtect。
40. 考查过去分词。句意:在你附近找一家商店或咖啡馆,或者更好的是,当你在网上订购时,把它送到你的门口。固定结构:have +宾语+宾语补足语,此处it 和deliver之间是被动关系,是过去分词作宾语补足语,故答案为delivered。
种类
形式
意义特征
功能
不定式
t d
主动、将来
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语
t be dne
被动、将来
t be ding
主动、进行
t have dne
主动、完成
t have been dne
被动、完成
过去分词
dne
被动、完成
作表语、状语、定语和补语
动词-ing
ding
主动、进行
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语
being dne
被动、进行
having dne
主动、完成
having been dne
被动、完成
情况
常用动词
只接不定式作宾语的动词
hpe,want,ffer,lng(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,
pretend,manage,agree,affrd,determine,prmise,happen
只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语
mind,miss,enjy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avid,risk,resist,cnsider,can’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fnd f,bject t,get dwn t,be engaged in,insist n,think f,be prud f,take pride in,set abut,be afraid f,be tired f,lk frward t,devte neself t,be wrth,be busy,pay attentin t,stick t
两者都可以
意义相同
begin,start,like,lve,hate,prefer,cntinue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require,deserve (接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义不同
stp t d(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)
stp ding(停止正在做的事)
remember/frget/regret t d(指动作尚未发生)
remember/frget/regret ding(指动作已经发生)
g n t d(接着做另外一件事)
g n ding(接着做同一件事)
try t d(设法,努力去做,尽力做)
try ding(试着去做)
mean t d(打算做,企图做)
mean ding(意思是,意味着)
形式
类别
例句
不定式
目的、原因、条件、结果
My parents will be delighted t see yu.(条件)
I cme here nly t say gd-bye t yu.(目的)
We’re prud t be yung peple f China.(原因)
动词-ing形式
时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况
Being a teacher,yu shuld help yur students in every way.(原因)
He cmes hme late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结果)
Using yur head,yu’ll find a gd way.(条件)
Wrking s hard,he failed again.(让步)
They eat using the fingers f their right hands.(方式)
He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)
过去分词
时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步
Brn in a pr family,Nadia had nly tw years f schling.(原因)
When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted t be a teacher.(时间)
Sme medicines,if wrngly taken,can kill a persn.(条件)
Encuraged by his parents,he still has n cnfidence in vercming the difficulties.(让步)
The patient gt ff the bed,supprted by the nurse.(方式)
The girl met with an accident when crssing the rad,wunded in the head.(结果)
形式
常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句
wish,want,ask,require/request,rder,warn,allw/permit,frbid,expect,remind,encurage,inspire,call n,depend n(接带t的不定式作宾语补足语)
主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成
We depend n yu t help us ut f truble.
I made him d his wrk.
→He was made t d his wrk (by me).
They saw the by fall suddenly ff the tree.
→The by was seen t fall suddenly ff the tree.
see,hear,watch,feel,ntice,lk at等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略t。这样的动词可归纳为:
五看:watch,see,lk at,bserve,ntice;
三让:let,make,have;
二听:hear,listen t;
一感觉:feel。
注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,t要还原
动词
-ing
形式
ntice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel
主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成
I fund her listening t the radi when I passed by.
过去
分词
动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态
We fund the village greatly changed.
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专题05 高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考专用): 这是一份专题05 高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考专用),文件包含专题05高频语法之定语从句名词性从句与语法填空解析版docx、专题05高频语法之定语从句名词性从句与语法填空原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共32页, 欢迎下载使用。
专题02 高频语法之形容词、副词与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考专用): 这是一份专题02 高频语法之形容词、副词与语法填空-2022年高考英语毕业班二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练(新高考专用),文件包含专题02高频语法之形容词副词与语法填空解析版docx、专题02高频语法之形容词副词与语法填空原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共28页, 欢迎下载使用。