高考英语实用复习三定语从句优质课件PPT

这是一份高考英语实用复习三定语从句优质课件PPT，共39页。PPT课件主要包含了限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句，关系代词的用法，关系副词的用法，Ⅰ 单句语法填空，which，who，whose，whose ，when等内容，欢迎下载使用。
定语从句的种类
在复合句中， 修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。
它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。
D yu knw the girl wh just came in?你认识那个刚刚进来的女孩吗？Shanghai is a city (that)I've always wanted t visit.上海是我一直想参观的城市。The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult perid f my life.我第一次遇见怀特先生是我一生中非常困难的时期。
它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。
The ld wman, wh lives n her wn, has a cat fr cmpany.这个老妇人一个人住，养了一只猫陪伴她。Beijing, which is the capital city f China,is a very beautiful city.中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。
关系词的用法
Hw d yu like the film which/that was shwn last Sunday?你认为上周日上映的电影怎么样？He wrked ut the mst difficult prblem that I had ever seen.他解答出了我所见过最难的题目。Children wh are nt active r whse diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.不爱活动或饮食富含高脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。He has mved int a huse whse windw lks ut ver the sea.他已经搬进了一个窗子朝向大海的房子。
Henry is the mst energetic yung man that I have ever cme acrss.亨利是我见过的最有活力的年轻人。
在限制性定语从句中指代物时，which 和that 一般可通用。但要注意以下几种情况：
只用that而不用which 的情况
✔先行词有形容词最高级修饰时
✔先行词有序数词修饰时
This is the third time that they have met.这是他们第三次见面。
He talked abut the schls and teachers that he had visited.他谈论了他拜访过的学校和老师。
✔先行词既有人又有物时
✔先行词为all，much，few，little，smething，everything，anything，nthing，nne 等不定代词时
I'd like t tell yu smething that might make yu surprised.我想告诉你一件可能会让你吃惊的事情。
✔先行词前面有the very，the nly，the same，any，few，little，n，all，ne f 等词修饰时
This is the very rm that I slept in that evening.这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。
I brrwed the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week，which my classmates recmmended t me.我上周从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。
只用which 而不用that 的情况
✔引导非限制定语从句时
✔在定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时
I was put in a psitin in which I had t accept I was less imprtant.我被置之于我不得不接受我不重要的境地。
We will put ff the picnic until next Sunday when the weather may be better.＝We will put ff the picnic until next Sunday n which the weather may be better.我们把野餐推迟到下周日，那时天气可能会变好。
When I arrived，he tk me t see the huse where I wuld be staying.＝When I arrived，he tk me t see the huse in which I wuld be staying.当我到达时，他带我去看了我将要住的房子。
The reasn why I dn't trust him is that he ften tells lies.＝The reasn fr which I dn't trust him is that he ften tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
3．关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句的区别
正确区分关系代词和关系副词，关键是要弄清楚它们在定语从句中担当什么成分，而不仅仅取决于先行词是什么。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，就用关系副词。试比较：
This is the cllege (that/ which) I visited. This is the cllege where I studied three years ag.
I’ll never frget the day (that/ which) we spent tgether.I’ll never frget the day when I gt married.
4．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
D yu remember the day n which yu jined ur club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？(n与the day 搭配)Trading leather shes is the business t which the Greens are devted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devted t为固定搭配)Jhn invited abut 40 peple t his wedding，mst f whm are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分都是家人。
5．as引导的定语从句及其与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
It's the same persn as we wanted t find yesterday.我们昨天要找的是同一个人。Such girls as he knws are gd at English.他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find.她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。
其主要结构有：the ，，等。主句中出现the same，as，such，s修饰先行词，需选择as作关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
as与which引导非限制性定语从句时都可以代指整个主句内容，其主要区别如下：
As everyne knws，China is a beautiful cuntry with a lng histry.每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。The sun heats the earth，which is very imprtant t us.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
定语从句的几个问题
1．定语从句中的主谓一致
He is the man wh/that wants t see yu.The pictures that/which lk beautiful were drawn by him.
Liquid water changes t vapr，which is called evapratin(蒸发)．As is usual，Hans came t schl late this mrning.
2．非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别
区分办法主要看前后句之间是否有and，but等并列连词或分号等的存在，若有，则为并列句；如果只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。
In ur class there are 46 students，f whm half wear glasses.(定语从句)In ur class there are 46 students，and half f them wear glasses.(并列句)
3．定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
where可以引导定语从句，也可以引导地点状语从句，二者的区别主要看有无先行词。
Rice grws well in the place where there is enugh water.(定语从句)Rice grws well where there is enugh water.(地点状语从句)
1．Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f fat and salt，___________________ is nt gd fr the health.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Sarah， ____________________ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels，wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)3．My eldest sn， ____________________ wrk takes him all ver the wrld, is in New Yrk at the mment.(2017·天津卷)4．The little prblems ____________________ we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins fr great inventins.(2017·北京卷)5．In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f ____________________ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.(2017·江苏卷)
that/which/不填
6．My cnnectin with pandas ges back t my days n a TV shw in the mid­1980s, ____________________ I was the first Western TV reprter.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)7．I still remember the farm ____________________ my parents wrked ten years ag.8．I bught a great many bks， ____________________ which I spent all my mney that I had saved.9．There is s warm a huse ____________________ we want t live in.10．The nly thing ____________________ is slwer than befre is the way we drive.
11．There is n simple answer， ____________________ is ften the case in science.12．They have reached the pint ____________________ they have t separate with each ther.13．Remember that there is still ne pint ____________________ we must make clear at the cnference tmrrw.14．The reasn ____________________ which he refused the invitatin is nt clear.15．Lily tk a few friends t my birthday party，nne f ____________________ I was familiar with.
1．In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is n the rftp f their huse.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)2．Arund me in the picture are the things they were very imprtant in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)3．The dishes what I cked were Mm's favrite. 4．Having tea in the late afternn prvides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might nt be served until 8 'clck at night. 5．We went up t the rf，frm which we had a gd view f the prcessin.
that/which或去掉what
6．The children，all f them had played the whle day lng，were wrn ut. 7．My huse，that I bught tw years ag，has gt a lvely garden.8．Which we knw，smking is harmful t ne's health.9．This is the museum where we visited last summer. 10．Is this the reasn why he explained fr his rudeness at the meeting？
或where→which/that
或why→which/that
1．上周你看见的那个人已离开了城镇。(whm/that在从句中作宾语)2．桂林是座具有2 000年历史的城市。(which/that在从句子中作主语)3．住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。(wh/that在从句中作主语)4．他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。(that在从句中作宾语)
The man whm/that yu saw last week has left the twn.
Guilin is a city which/that has a histry f 2，000 years.
The man wh/that lives dwnstairs speaks English well.
He tld us many interesting things and persns that we had never heard.
5．查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。(wh引导非限制性定语从句)6．我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。(which引导非限制性定语从句)7．正如一句谚语所说，“只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。”(as引导非限制性定语从句)8．在汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，这是我做梦也没有想到的。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
Charlie Smith，wh was my frmer teacher，retired last year.
My huse，which I bught last year，has gt a lvely garden.
As a saying ges，“All wrk but n play makes Jack a dull by.”
I wn the first prize in the Chinese speech cmpetitin，which was beynd my wildest dreams.
Laughter Yga is a new frm f exercise 1.________ prmtes the use f laughter as a frm f physical exercise. It 2.________ (create) in the mid­1990s as a scial experiment. Althugh it came frm India and 3.________ (definite) includes sme yga，dn't expect it t have much in cmmn with the yga classes 4.________ (ffer) at yur lcal studi r gym. Laughter Yga attaches mre imprtance t the frmer than t the latter. The methd began in 1995 when Dr. Madan Kataria called n a grup f students in a park 5.________ (test) whether intrducing regular laughter int peple's lives wuld imprve their well­being. Kataria als intrduced deep breathing and simple stretches int the exercises.
was created
Medical research has suggested 6.________ laughing is a gd way t reduce stress and help peple feel gd. Kataria's Laughter Clubs are ppping up in respnse 7.________ peple's need t handle 8.________ (press)．Kataria als ffers bks and DVDs t peple 9.________ dn't have access t a lcal Laughter Club. Hwever，cnnecting with ther humans is a big part f Laughter Yga's success in 10.________ (help) peple feel better and experience mre jy.
The Lantern Festival this year fell n February 11th.On that day after schl，I hurried back t hme t jin in the preparatin f the big family dinner. Grandparents taught me hw t make sweet dumplings while Dad and Mm made dish. Then cmes the dinner time. We all agreed that hmemade dumplings tasted many sweeter. We chatted happily，enjy the family tgetherness. After the dinner，we went t the park，where was built 100 years ag，t appreciate the beautiful lanterns. Tw huge dragn lanterns especial amazed us and we culdn't help flash ur cameras. Walking in the park and admiring the beautiful mn，we felt we were s luckily t have each ther as a family and valued the time when we spent tgether. What a fantastic Lantern Festival!
that/which或去掉when