同位语从句-高三英语一轮复习语法微专题课件PPT

这是一份同位语从句-高三英语一轮复习语法微专题课件PPT，共28页。PPT课件主要包含了that ，fact，thought，doubt，idea，problem，question，同位语从句的涵义，同位语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
知识点：句子成分同位语：在句中对某一成分作进一步的解释说明，并与其在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。常放在被说明的名词或代词后面。名词、代词、数词和从句等均可充当同位语。如：We have tw freign teachers, a Canadian and an American.（名词作同位语）They each can get a chance t travel by air.（代词作同位语）Are yu three ready t start ut? （数词作同位语）The news that we’re having a hliday tmrrw is true.（从句做同位语）
知识点：句子成分Summary:一般的，________ 成分是对其前面的名词或代词进行______和 _______ 。
知识点：同位语从句的连词【考题-单句语法填空】1．The ntice came arund tw 'clck in the afternn ______ the meeting wuld be put ff.2．The nly way t succeed at the highest level is t have ttal belief ______ yu are better than anyne else n the sprts field.【考题-单句改错】3. Last term, I culdn't accept the truth which I failed in my math examinatin. ______________
which→that
知识点：可以跟同位语从句的名词Summary:可以跟同位语从句的名词通常都是________ 名词，例如,有，________，__________ , news , _______, suggestin , ______ , ______ , ______等。
知识点：可以跟同位语从句的名词Summary:可以跟同位语从句的名词通常都是________ 名词，例如,有，________，__________ , news , _______, suggestin , ________ , ______ , ________等。
知识点：同位语从句句型
同位语从句句型1：“名词+that+陈述句”如：I have been left with the knwledge that it's better t expect nthing than t give everything and then be disappinted.这里的that 从句用作同位语，来补充说明先行词knwledge 。
同位语从句句型2：“名词+定语+that+陈述句” 如果一个名词后面既有定语又有同位语从句，那么往往定语在前，同位语从句在后，这样便形成了先行词与同位语从句被定语分隔的结构，即“名词＋ 定语＋同位语从句＂ 。如：The statement by the driver f the vehicle that he did nt see the lrry was rejected by the Curt.
同位语从句句型2：“名词+谓语+that+陈述句” 如果一个名词作主语，并且它后面还带有一个同位语从句，此时我们通常把这个同位语从句置于谓语的后面，而不是放在名词的后面，因而造成先行名词与同位语从句的分隔，结构是“作主语的先行词＋谓语部分＋同位语从句＂ 。如：Evidence came up that specific speech sunds are recgnized by babies as yung as 6 mnths ld.
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，cnclusin，dubt，fact，hpe，idea，news，prmise，questin，suggestin，thught，truth，wish，wrd等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，hw，where，when，why等。如：The fact that yu are wrng can't be changed by yu r me.
2．巧辨定语从句和同位语从句
①.被修饰或被说明的词Ⅰ. 定语从句中被修饰的是名词或代词；而同位语从句的被说明的词只能是名词，而且一般是下列名词，hpe, answer, fact, belief,News ,idea, infrmatin, rder, cnclusin, suggestin, plan,truth, thught, dubt, prmise, feeling等名词．
①.被修饰或被说明的词如：a. This is the by wh we are lking fr yesterday. b. He wh des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.c. His failure was due t the fact that he had nt practise fr a lng time.d. She tld us her hpe that she wuld becme a Pianist.
①.被修饰或被说明的词如：a. This is the by wh we are lking fr yesterday. b. He wh des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.c. His failure was due t the fact that he had nt practise fr a lng time.d. She tld us her hpe that she wuld becme a Pianist.在例a. 中，wh引导的是一个定语从句，by是先行词,但它不能作为同位语从句中被修饰的词．
①.被修饰或被说明的词如：a. This is the by wh we are lking fr yesterday. b. He wh des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.c. His failure was due t the fact that he had nt practise fr a lng time.d. She tld us her hpe that she wuld becme a Pianist.在例b. 中，he 是先行词，wh 引导的是定语从句，he 不可作为同位语从句中被修饰的词．
①.被修饰或被说明的词如：a. This is the by wh we are lking fr yesterday. b. He wh des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.c. His failure was due t the fact that he had nt practise fr a lng time.d. She tld us her hpe that she wuld becme a Pianist.在例c、d中，that 引导的是同位语从句。
①.被修饰或被说明的词Ⅱ. when, where, why 如果引导的是定语从句的话，那么它们的先行词分别是表示时间，地点，和原因的名词；而如果三者引导同位语从句的话那么被修饰的词,肯定不是表示时间，地点和原因的名词．如：a. D yu still remember the days when we spent the summer hlidays in Qingda?b. I had n idea when yu were here.在例a. 中，when引导的是一个定语从句，先行词days是表示时间的词；在例b.中，when 引导的是一个同位语从句，被修饰的词是idea，不表示时间．
②. 引导词Ⅰ. that 既可以引导定语从句，又可以引导同位语从句．引导同位语从句时，连接词that 本身无词义，在同位语从句中也不充当任何成分，但不可以省略，也不可以用其他的词来代替；引导定语从句时，关系代词that 在从句中做一个成分，作宾语时也可以省略．如：a. The news that ur ftball team wn the match was encuraging.b. The news (that/ which)we heard n the radi was nt true .
②. 引导词a. The news that ur ftball team wn the match was encuraging.b. The news (that/ which) we heard n the radi was nt true . 在例a.中，that 引导的是同位语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，也不可以用其他词代替，且不可省略．在例b.中，that 是定语从句，在从句中作heard的宾语，也可以省略，还可以用which 来代替．
②. 引导词Ⅱ. When ,where，why 既可以引导同位语从句，也可以引导定语从句．它们引导同位语从句时，只起连接作用，没有指代作用；它们引导定语从句时，具有指代先行词的作用，在从句中作状语，可以转换成“介词＋关系代词”的形式。如：a. I’ll never frget the day when I passed the Natinal Cllege Entrance Examinatin.b. He had n idea when she left.c. 1995 was the year when he was brn.d. This is the village where he grew up.
②. 引导词a. I’ll never frget the day when I passed the Natinal Cllege Entrance Examinatin.b. He had n idea when she left.c. 1995 was the year when he was brn.d. This is the village where he grew up.在例a. 中，when 引导的是定语从句，可以转换“n which”; 在例b. 中，when引导的是同位语从句，when在从句中状语，但不能转换成“介词＋关系代词”; 在例c. 中，when引导的是定语从句，when可以转换成in which; 在例d. 中，where引导的是定语从句，where可以转换成in which．
③. 性质 这是两种从句的本质的不同所在。定语从句是形容词性的，它的功能是修饰先行词，描述它的性质或特征。同位语从句是名词性的，它的功能是对所说明的词语作进一步的补充性的解释。试比较：The news that we heard spread all ver the schl campus.(定语从句） The news that he had landed n the mn spread all ver the schl campus.（同位语从句）
3．whether与if引导的名词性从句whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不可以。如：The questin is whether it is wrth ding.The questin whether the wrk was wrth ding has nt been decided.
同位语成分同位语从句同位语从句句型同位语从句与定语从句的辨析
同位语在句子中的作用：人物介绍地点介绍事物介绍
同位语在书面表达中的应用
1.人物介绍Miss Lai, ur English teacher , is very kind.2.地点介绍The Great Wall, the crystallizatin f ancient Chinese peple’s wisdm, attracts an increasing number f turists every year.3.事物介绍Jurney t the West, my favrite nvel , is highly praised by western schlars.
试一试：1. 人物介绍丽萨是一个女孩，今年18岁，她在光华中学学习，她是我的邻居也是我最好的朋友。2. 地点介绍广州是广东的省城,它坐落于广东中部，是广东省的文化和经济中心。3. 事物介绍哈利波特是J.K. Rwling 的作品，它受到了小孩子的喜爱。