2021年广东省惠州高三一模英语试卷及答案

英 语

本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷。试卷共 8 页，卷面满分 120 分。考试用时 120 分钟。

注意事项：

1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号等相关信息填写在答题卡上。

2. 选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。

3. 非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。

4. 考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。

第 I 卷

第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分 35 分)

第一节 （共 10 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 25 分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Dr Almeida left school at 16 with little formal education but got a job as a laboratory technician in histopathology ( 组织病理学 ) at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Later she moved to London to further her career and in 1954 married Enriques Almeida, an artist.

The couple and their young daughter moved to Toronto in Canada and it was at the Ontario Cancer Institute that Dr Almeida developed her outstanding skills with an electron microscope.

She pioneered a method which better visualized ( 成像 ) viruses by using antibodies to gather them. Her talents were recognized in the UK and she was invited to work at St Thomas’s Hospital Medical School in London.

On her return, she began to cooperate with Dr David Tyrrell. Dr Tyrrell and his team were able to grow quite a few common cold-associated viruses. One sample, known as B814, was discovered in 1960. They found that they were able to transmit ( 传染 ) common cold symptoms to volunteers but they were unable to grow it in routine cell culture ( 细胞培养 ). However, volunteer studies showed its growth in organ cultures ( 器官培养 ). Dr Tyrrell wondered if it

could be seen by an electron microscope. They sent samples to Almeida who found that they were like flu viruses but not exactly the same. She identified what became known as the first human coronavirus ( 冠状病毒 ).

Dr Almeida had actually seen particles ( 微粒 ) like this before while investigating viruses in mice and chickens. However, when she sent her paper about this discovery to a medical journal, it was rejected. It was two years later that the first photographs of the virus she had seen were published in Journal of General Virology. It was named coronavirus because of the crown surrounding it on the viral image.

21. Why did Dr Almeida return to work in the UK ?

A. Because her family did not like Toronto.

B. Because the UK appreciated her talents.

C. Because she bettered an electron microscope.

D. Because she was the first one to visualize viruses.

22. What can we know about B814?

A. It could be grown in routine cell culture.

B. It was unable to develop in organ cultures.

C. It’s exactly the same with influenza viruses.

D. It was identified as the first human coronavirus.

23. What can we connect with the name “coronavirus”?

A. Its viral image.

B. Its deadly power.

C. It original sample.

D. Its first appearance.

B

China’s domestically ( 国内 ) developed Beidou Navigation Satellite System has been widely used in many public sectors and business fields at home and abroad.

Beidou has been used in dozens of business and public sector fields ( 公共部门领域 ) in China, including transportation, electric power transmission, fisheries, mining and agriculture.

Tens of millions of Beidou-based terminal （终端） devices have been sold and are in use. By the end of 2019, more than 100 million Beidou-based navigation chips, modules and other products had been sold. The system had by then been fixed in nearly 6.6 million taxis, buses and trucks around China as well as more than 70,000 fishing ships across the country. Beidou-enabled functions are also used in at least 50,000 agricultural machines and have improved their operational efficiency. More than 70 percent of mobile phones registered in China are capable of utilizing Beidou signals. In the public security field, more than 400,000 portable terminals used by the police across the country have Beidou-enabled positioning functions. Beidou has also played important roles in security work for high-level events.

Globally, by the end of 2019, Chinese products based on Beidou had been sold to more than 120 foreign countries and regions, playing a helpful role in a number of public sector fields. For instance, Beidou has helped Russia improve its electric grid inspections ( 电网检测 ), made operations more convenient for unmanned aircraft users in Cambodia, and promoted management efficiency of many warehouses in Thailand and construction work in Kuwait.

24. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “utilizing” in Paragraph 2?

A. transforming   B. using    C. passing   D. strengthening

25. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Beidou System’s navigation is accessible.

B. Beidou System’s positioning services vary in quality.

C. Beidou System’s applications spread around the globe.

D. Beidou System’s operational efficiency improves rapidly.

26. In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?

A. Technology   B. Education   C. Travel   D. Society

C

In some places around the world, you can find bright green balls of moss ( 苔藓 ) scattered across glaciers, which, surprisingly, move all at about the same speeds and in the same directions.

The glacier moss balls are commonly called “glacier mice”, and were the subject of a recent study published online in Polar Biology this month. The study’s authors believe that they develop from impurities ( 杂质 ) on ice surfaces. “They’re not attached ( 黏附 ) to anything and they’re just resting there on ice,” said one of the authors. “They’re bright green in a world of white.”

The moss balls don’t stay at rest for long, though. They moved about 2.5 centimeters per day on average. Another one of the study’s authors pointed out that movement is a necessity for the glacier moss balls because the entire surface of the ball must occasionally get exposed to the sun. “These things must actually roll around or else that moss on the bottom would die,” she said.

Glacier mice have ever been spotted in Alaska, Iceland, Svalbard and South America, but scientists still have a lot to learn about them.

One of the biggest questions is why the moss balls, which can live for at least six years, move the way they do. The researchers tried to explain this strange phenomenon in many ways.

First, they thought the balls had rolled downhill, but later found that they weren’t going down a slope ( 斜坡 ). Then, they thought the wind was blowing them in consistent directions. But when they measured the dominant direction of the wind, that didn’t explain it either. And finally, they considered the sun, which melts the ice and may make the moss balls move, but the direction of incoming solar radiation wasn’t in the direction which the balls were going in. Still confused with this problem, the researchers said that they hope that one day, future generations will “get to the bottom of these great mysteries”.

27. What interests the researchers most?

A. The discovery of glacier mice.

B. The development of impurities.

C. The distribution of glacier moss.

D. The movement of glacier moss balls.

28. Which of the following is TRUE about Glacier mice?

A. They can move fast.

B. They are attached to ice.

C. They move so as to keep alive.

D. They move from other places to glaciers.

29. How does the author explain the unusual way the glacier mice move?

A. By drawing maps and making analysis.

B. By making assumptions and doing research.

C. By doing experiments and presenting reports.

D. By making comparison and setting down general rules

30. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Wind blows Glacier mice to move.

B. The direction of sunlight helps Glacier mice.

C. Scientists leave these mysteries to future generations.

D. It remains a puzzle why the glacier moss balls move in this way.

第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How do you wake up in the morning? If you set an alarm on your phone or clock that sounds like this: beep-beep-beep, that hard, unpleasant sound may be making it harder to shake off the sleepy feeling in the morning known as grogginess ( 昏昏沉沉 ).   31  ? A recent study says yes. The answer is music.

Researchers say alarms that have a melody can help people feel fresher in the morning. The study, carried out by researchers in Australia, involved 50 people. They answered questions about the alarm sound they like to wake up to.     32   .

Sleep inertia ( 惯性 ) is another term for grogginess.   33   , and has trouble getting moving again after sleeping. People need to better understand sleep inertia’s harmful effects on human performance later in the day. The grogginess we may feel in the morning usually lasts for up to 30 minutes, but some may last from two to four hours. Not everyone will experience the full effect.

  34   , especially when they perform duties that require a top performance within this period or for people who work in dangerous situations shortly after they wake. So, what makes musical alarms better for waking up?   35   .

A. Possibly the different tones in it

B. Simply the single sound of “beeping”

C. So, is there a better way to wake up

D. So, what is a better way to wake up

E. But for those who do, care should be taken

F. It means a person has a heavy feeling when waking up

G. They also expressed how they feel about that sound and how they feel when they wake up

第二部分 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（ A, B, C, D ）中，选出可以填入空白处

的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Jean is just like an average 14-year-old in many ways. She loves singing, using TikTok ( 抖音短视频国际版 ) , and  36  with her friends. But you’ll find that she’s actually quite  37  . In fact, this teenager’s  38  achievement is earning a master’s degree in environmental science and sustainable engineering.

The brilliant teen’s schooling  39  began in institutions for gifted  40  . She would attend  41  school in the morning and take her online high school modules at night at 8 years old. After finishing high school, Jane went on to  42  her bachelor’s degree at age 12. In total, she now has three degrees to her  43  !

Jane is still uncertain about the  44  she’s going to take, but she knows that she wants it to involve STEM ( 理工科统称 ). In fact, she’s started taking steps towards that goal by  45  back. Last year, Jane went on a trip to South Africa. There, she met a few local girls who  46  her passion for STEM. However, they didn’t have the same  47  she had back in the US. This  48  her to develop a plan to bring STEM labs to them. She started fundraisers to buy things such as microscopes and  49  , which she hopes to bring to Cape Town once COVID-19 restrictions have  50  .

Jane knows that it’s rare for a teen to have such a long list of  51  . However, she says that it only  52  one thing. “To get where you want to be, you have to be committed,” she said. “When people read my  53  I don’t want them to be like, ‘Oh she’s so smart, I can  54  do that.’ I want them to think ‘She’s so goal-driven. I need to be  55  .’ and thus feel motivated.”

36. A. catching up   B. hanging out   C. moving away  D. going in

37. A. extraordinary   B. serious    C. shy     D. curious

38. A. hardest    B. latest    C. furthest    D. richest

39. A. experiment   B. research    C. journey    D. advantage

40. A. adults    B. seniors    C. babies    D. children

41. A. graduate    B. high     C. regular    D. language

42. A. receive    B. record    C. prefer    D. practise

43. A. knowledge   B. name    C. taste     D. relief

44. A. advice    B. chance    C. break    D. path

45. A. fighting    B. looking    C. stepping    D. giving

46. A. recognized   B. doubted    C. shared    D. understood

47. A. resources    B. courses    C. information   D. response

48. A. forced    B. inspired    C. asked    D. persuaded

49. A. paints    B. cameras    C. microphones   D. computers

50. A. started    B. developed   C. eased    D. switched

51. A. accomplishments  B. requirements   C. interests    D. ideas

52. A. boils down to   B. gives rise to   C. looks forward to  D. gets used to

53. A. report    B. paper    C. story    D. article

54. A. also     B. never    C. just     D. finally

55. A. clever    B. modest    C. cautious    D. determined

第 II 卷

温馨提示：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

第三部分 英语知识运用（共四节，满分 45 分）

第一节 语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In recent years, veganism（纯素食主义）has become one of the fastest-growing lifestyle  56  (trend) in the world. Over 3 million people in the US are vegans while about 542,000 British people 57 (choose) veganism over the past 10 years.

What is driving this growth in veganism? First, people attach importance to protecting the environment. They think producing meat and dairy products is  58  (stress) for the environment. According to a recent study, global meat manufacturing has caused 18% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. This figure is  59  (high) than that of all the world’s cars, trains and planes combined. Second, many young people  60  (convince) that it’s cruel to kill animals for food and becoming vegan is  61  ethical ( 伦理的 ) decision .

Veganism doesn’t simply means  62  (eat) no meat, cheese or eggs. It also applies  63  fashion and manufacturing. Every year more than a billion animals are killed  64  .

(produce) leather products from their skins. Now, many brands are seeking for substitutions ( 替代品 ). So  65  the idea of protecting animals and saving environment appeals to you, give veganism a try.

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）

第一节 概要写作（满分 15 分）

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 （ 请 标 注 要 点 和 词 数） ）

Teenagers’ fitness is now a major concern and physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong and helps you to keep the right body weight. Sports scientists offer the following advice to teenagers: First, find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier.

There are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities, but do not have a high fitness level.

According to experts, overweight teenagers should work out to keep healthy. Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories. Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty of each a day. Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger. The same rule is also suitable for active teenagers.

Experts also suggest one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. They are really important in order to prevent injuries. Some weight-training and other body-strengthening exercises could also be planned in the programme in order to increase the person’s strength.

第二节 应用文写作（满分 25 分）

假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 David 原本打算今年暑假来中国旅游，因疫情而取消行程。请你给他写封邮件，向他推荐中国线上旅游推介活动系列视频 “Visiting China Online” 。

内容包括：

1. 表示遗憾；

2. 推荐系列视频并说明原因；

3. 邀请他明年再来中国。

注意：

1. 词数 80-100；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考词汇】线上旅游推介活动 online tourism promotional activity

Dear David,

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

参 考 答 案

【 阅 读 理 解 】

21-23. BDA 24-26. BCA 27-30. DCBD

【 七 选 五】

31-35. CGFEA

【 完 形 填 空 】

36-40. BABCD 41-45. CABDD 46-50. CABDC 51-55. AACBD

【 语 法 填 空 】

56.trends  57. have chosen  58. stressful  59. higher      60.are convinced

61.an    62. eating       63. to        64. to produce   65. if

【 概 要 写 作 】

Possible version 1:

Physical exercise plays a significant role in teenagers’ fitness.Teenagers are advised toidentify their fitness level to design a health programme.( 要 点 1)

“Overweight”, “inactive” and “active” are the three levels of fitness that urge one to change his lifestyle. (要点 2) In addition to calorie-burning exercises that overweight teenagers shoulddo, inactive and active teenagers are advised to exercise more due to their strong bodies.( 要 点 3) Furthermore, intensive exercise is vital to injury-prevention while body-strengthening exercises help build up one’s physical strength.(要点 4) (79 words)

Possible version 2:

Physical exercise is beneficial to teenagers’ health. Teenagers are advised to figure out their fitness level and make a plan to keep fit. (要点 1) There are three levels of physical states, namely “Overweight”, “Inactive” and “Active”, which urge a change of lifestyle. (要点2) According to different fitness levels, experts suggest teenagers do calorie-burning exercises, bending and stretching exercises. (要点 3)

Besides, intensive exercise and body-strengthening exercises are recommended to avoid injuries and build up one’s strength. (要点 4) (73 words)

【 概 要 写 作 】 各 档 次 的 给 分 范 围 和 要 求 （ 总分 15 分） ） ：

【 应 用 文 写 作 】

Possible version 1:

Dear David,

What a pity to hear that you have to cancel your visit to China this summer because of the world-wide epidemic!

To make up for it, I strongly recommend that you watch the series “Visiting China Online”. For one thing, combining different experiences of tourists and daily lives of average people, the series of short films provide you with a comprehensive glimpse into China, which will definitely enhance your understanding of China. For another, with various elements about China included in it, the program presents abundant Chinese culture, ranging from festivals, customs to legends, like a feast to your eyes.

However, if you decide to visit China in person next year, it’s my great honor to be your partner and guide. Looking forward to your coming.

Yours,

Li Hua

Possible version 2:

Dear David,

I’m sorry to hear that you can’t come to China this summer due to the worldwide spread of COVID-19. However, an online tourism promotional activity “Visiting China Online” may offer you a chance to experience the charm of China at home.

Without leaving home, you can have a good look of China’s most beautiful scenery and varied cultures through a series of short films. The most famous mountains, rivers and lakes as well as all kinds of landscape will surely attract your eyes. Besides, the ancient towns will bring you to understand more about Chinese history and cultures. If you are interested in traditional handicrafts and Chinese cuisine, there are also some DIY activities introduced in the series.

China is a place worth a visit. I’d like to be your guide if you come next year. Looking forward to your coming.

Yours,

Li Hua