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2022届广东省深圳外国语学校高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022届广东省深圳外国语学校高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了答题前，考生将自己的姓名等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022届广东省深圳外国语学校高三上学期第一次月考英语试题
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。全卷满分120分：第Ⅰ卷65分；第Ⅱ卷55分。考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1、答题前，考生将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2、答第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3、答第Ⅱ卷时，使用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡指定区域书写，要求字体工整，笔迹清晰。
4、考试结束，监考人员将答题卡按座位号、页码顺序收回。
第I卷 选择题部分
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
LOVE TO TRAVEL updated a week ago
Almost everyone who loves traveling has a Xiamen dream. It looks as if no travel list is complete without visiting Xiamen, eating satay noodles, spending time in one of the city's various coffee shops, and staying on Gulangyu Island. Xiamen has the prosperity of a metropolis, but also has the quiet and comfortable feature of an ordinary town. The spring-like climate all the year round and the small and fresh temperament make this city so distinctive. Xiamen is a great destination for family travel, parents, or friends. It is also a good place to travel all year round.
About scenic spots
1. Gulangyu: If you want to tour Xiamen, board Gulangyu. Gulangyu is a beautiful island called the “garden on the sea”，where you can see a block of delicate and unique small houses in the shade of trees, and have the most beautiful mood even at each corner of the street.
2. China's most beautiful university-Xiamen University, small artistic fishing village- Zengcuoan, coastal first line of landscape-a road round the island, all the way to the sea-Zhongshan Road, a popular scenic spot of Jimei Village, the home of the soul-South Putuo,these are the scenic spots on Xiamen Island. There are many web celebrity scenic spots worthy to be visited when touring Xiamen.
3. The poetic landscape town around Xiamen has a history of more than 100 years. It got its name from the TV series “Cļoud Water Balļad”。
4.Fujian Tulou: The shooting place of the movie Big Fish & Begonia. If you are lucky enough to come to Fujian, you must go and see this building!
About the mode of travel
1.Low Price Package Tours:Local tour groups are really cheap. However, the trip is too tight and tiring, and most of the core scenic spots are not arranged, including a few shopping shops. You will feel you are resold to other travel agencies, and the quality can't be guaranteed.Chances are that you will be cheated. (the last choice is to join in the local tourist group)
2. Free travel: if you play by yourself, you need to plan the hotel, tickets, bus and itinerary in advance. It will take much time, energy and expense is high, and it is easy to be trapped because you are not local. If it is the peak season travel, it is difficult to book the hotel and tickets! And if you do not understand the local language, you are likely to book the hotel at a very high price or the location of the hotel is so remote that traffic is not convenient, as is often the case. Unless you have a lot of time and energy, and are willing to arrange all the agenda, you will waste a lot of time and money engaging in all kinds of queuing, finding the ways, and other troubles.
3.Free family travel: the most recommended, the most cost-effective and the most satisfying way to travel! You can book the air ticket by yourself, contact the Xiamen tourism planner in advance, and let him plan the whole trip. You don't have to worry about it yourself, and it's much cheaper than expected. Accommodation and traffic are not only well arranged, quality is guaranteed, but also you will get the most satisfactory service with the least money.
Points for attention on Xiamen trip
1.You'd better bring sunscreen cream, sunglasses and so on just in case. If you won't get sunburnt or suntan, sunscreen must be done.
2. Ship tickets to Gulangyu and the hotel must be booked in advance, or you can turn to Xiamen tourism planner to book them in advance.
3.Do not trust the roadside solicitor! It is easy for you to be trapped with no local guides. If there is anything you do not understand, consult Xiamen local tourism planners.
1. What makes Xiamen different from other tourist cities according to the passage?
A. Its unique scenic spots and landscape.
B. Its famous university and Buddist culture.
C. Its warm weather and artistic temperament.
D. Its convenient traffic and low cost.
2. Which of the following is true according the passage?
A. Free travel is the best choice to tour Xiamen because you have the most freedom.
B. Yunshuiyao is a town which is named after the TV series.
C The people of Xiamen are very cunning because you will go into a pit if careless.
D. There is bright sunshine in Xiamen all year round because it has a spring-like weather.
3. Where can the passage be from?
A. A travel magazine.
B. Ads from a newspaper.
C. A travel brochure.
D. Blogs on the web.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇广告，主要讲的是厦门的旅游景点和去厦门可采取的旅行方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The spring-like climate all the year round and the small and fresh temperament make this city so distinctive”（四季如春的气候，小而清新的空气，使这座城市与众不同）可知，厦门四季如春的气候和小清新的空气使它与众不同，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据景点部分的第三点“The poetic landscape town around Xiamen has a history of more than 100 years. It got its name from the TV series “Cļoud Water Balļad”（这座充满诗意的景观小镇位于厦门周边，已有100多年的历史。它的名字来源于电视剧《云水谣》）可知，云水谣是一个以电视剧命名的小镇”，B项正确。A项由“free travel”定位到旅行方式的第2点，由此可知容易被骗，订票订宾馆都难等诸多麻烦，自由行并不是最佳选择。C项不能从此文中得出结论，在任何旅游景点，一不小心就会入坑，这不能说明厦门人就是狡猾的。D项全年气候如春，不是全年都有阳光。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由标题后updated a week ago（更新于一周前）可知，博客会经常被更新，因此本文可能来自于网上的博客。故选D。
B
Nothing draws attention to your new product like using it to send fast food into space. In June, Arizona-based World View demonstrated the potential of its pioneering stratollite--a sort of mini satellite that uses a balloon to take goods into the stratosphere (平流层)--by partnering with
KFC to ferry a 5-ounce piece of fried chicken 77,000 feet into the desert sky. “We took a chicken sandwich, launched it into space for 17 hours, and when it came back, it was perfect,” says World View CEO Jane Poynter.
Poynter’s final goal is to send tourists to the edge of space, tied to the company’s balloons, and to make the final frontier more accessible for research. Stratollites are inexpensive, compact, and easy to operate, ideal for monitoring weather patterns and providing military reconnaissance （侦察） or emergency communications during natural disasters. They can also do what traditional satellites can’t: spend months above a specific location without moving.
Though Poynter did not formally train as an engineer, she has spent her career in leading space research. The British native trained her skills as a technical manager while part of Biosphere 2, an Arizona research facility built to test a self-enclosed, self-sufficient ecosystem. Its creators hoped it could one day be adapted for use in space. She spent two years in the early 1990s sealed inside with seven others, experiencing everything from oxygen failures to colleagues’ emotional breakdowns.
Poynter met her future husband, Taber MacCallum, on the project, and afterward, the couple formed Paragon Space Development. They began devising biospheres that could support plant and animal life in orbit （太空轨道）.
“We showed it’s possible for animals to live in an environment they are not used to: microgravity,” Poynter says.
In 2014, Poynter and Maccallum achieved another first. They led the engineering team that helped former Google exec Alan Eustace skydive from the edge of the stratosphere. That’s when it hit them: The balloon-parachute system they designed for Eustace could be modified for tourism and research. So they formed World View, with MacCallum serving as chief technical officer.
The company has a contract with NASA to determine if the system could someday be used to gather data on Mars. “Taking stratollites and flying them on other planets,” Poynter says, “that’s definitely a part of the big dream.”
4. Stratollites are different from traditional satellites in that they can _______.
A. stay motionless in space
B. move about in a bigger area
C. provide emergency communications
D. survive better in a situation without gravity
5. What can be inferred from the passage about Biosphere 2?
A. It was adapted from a spaceship that used to work in space.
B. It was intended to become an ideal place for space research.
C. The participants all experienced some kind of emotional breakdown.
D. The participants were isolated from the outside world for some time.
6. What does the pronoun “it” (in paragraph 5) refer to?
A. Poynter and Maccallum have helped Alan Eustace to skydive.
B. Maccallum will serve as a chief technical officer in World View.
C. The system designed for Eustace can be used for more purposes.
D. Poynter and Maccallum hope to achieve more firsts in their career.
7. What is World View’s big dream?
A. Partnering with NASA to do research on other planets.
B. Using balloons to send tourists or researchers into space.
C. Giving people more opportunities to try extreme sports in space.
D. Working with food companies to send food to astronauts in space.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了World View公司的新产品：平流层卫星。这种卫星有很多优势，已经证明可以在很多领域使用。公司目前和NASA合作，期待可以用平流层卫星把游客和科研人员送入太空。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的They can also do what traditional satellites can’t: spend months above a specific location without moving.（他们能够做传统卫星不能做的事：几个月毫无移动地待在一个特定位置）可知，Stratollites与传统卫星的不同之处在于它可以一动不动的待在一个地方。A. stay motionless in space（不动的待在太空中）符合以上说法。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段的She spent two years in the early 1990s sealed inside with seven others, experiencing everything from oxygen failures to colleagues’ emotional breakdowns.（在20世纪早期她花了两年的时间和其它7个人一起被密封在里面，经历了缺氧和同事情绪崩溃）可知，他们有段时间是被密封在内，处于和外界隔绝的环境中。D. The participants were isolated from the outside world for some time.（参与者有段时间和外界隔绝）符合以上说法。故选D项。
【6题详解】
词意猜测题。根据文章第五段的That’s when it hit them: The balloon-parachute system they designed for Eustace could be modified for tourism and research.（就在那个时候他们想到了一件事：他们为Eustace设计的热气球降落伞系统可以被改造用来旅游和研究。）可知，文中的it指代的是热气球降落伞系统改造之后可以用于旅游和研究。C. The system designed for Eustace can be used for more purposes.（为Eustace设计的系统可以有更多的用处）符合以上说法。故选C项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Poynter’s final goal is to send tourists to the edge of space, tied to the company’s balloons, and to make the final frontier more accessible for research.（Poynter的最终目标是把游客绑在公司的热气球上送到宇宙的边缘，让最终的宇宙前沿可以被研究）可知，公司的最终目标是把游客和研究人员用热气球送往太空。B. Using balloons to send tourists or researchers into space.（用热气球把游客和研究人员送入太空）符合以上说法。故选B项。
【点睛】代词指代要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系，判断画线的代词在文中的指代对象，包括考查it, she, he, they, them, that, this, those, these等在文中的指代。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句的前后临近句的内容，即一般要读三句话：前句，本句，后句。分析人称转变和动作转变的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后因果关系，从而准确推断其指代内容。例如，第3小题，That’s when it hit them: The balloon-parachute system they designed for Eustace could be modified for tourism and research.就在那时他们突然想到了it，冒号之后恰好解释了想到的内容，所以可以很快推测it就是The balloon-parachute system they designed for Eustace could be modified for tourism and research.
C
We’ve all heard the stories of an actor’s struggles before a career breakthrough: living a hard life, working part time, being a couch potato before getting that major role. Shelby, the star of “A Dog’s Way Home,” has a hard-luck tale that could top them all. Before her big break, she was living in a landfill, rooting through garbage for her next meal.
Shelby’s big break came in April 2017, when animal-control officer Megan Buhler was driving in Cheatham County, Tennessee. Out on an unrelated call, Buhler spotted and approached what she recalled was a noticeably scared puppy emerging from the dump. “I knelt down and just said, ‘Oh, come here, baby,’” said Buhler. “She was so scared, but she came right up to me, and I was able to put her in my truck.” The pair headed to the county animal shelter, where the staff began calling the new resident Baby Girl.
Buhler and others didn’t know that 3,200 kilometers away, Hollywood was looking for a dog to play Bella in a film written by Cathryn Michon. The find-a-Bella job went to freelance trainer Teresa Ann Miller. Her mission was to search shelters nationwide for a dog that could play Bella. One day, Miller spotted Baby Girl’s adoption photo. “Honestly, it was a really good picture, and she was flat-out smiling,” Miller said. Then she met Baby Girl, and assessed her on personality and the ability to respond to simple commands. After assessment, she adopted Baby Girl from the shelter, renamed her Shelby and took her to California for training. Miller and Shelby trained for just over three months before filming began. Then they were together each day on the set.
Most of the film’s reviews have praised Shelby’s performance. Variety made the comments “an amazing dog, perfect performance!”
Shelby has come a long way from the garbage dump. But Buhler said when she saw Shelby recently she just needed only a second to compare the movie star with the dog she found from piles of trash. “She’s exactly the same,” Buhler said.
8. Why does the author mention an actor’s struggle before a career breakthrough at the very beginning?
A. To clearly point out the main idea of the passage.
B. To attract reader’s attention by giving dramatic examples.
C. To introduce a dog’s similar but even more striking experiences.
D. To make a sharp contrast between an actor’s struggle and a dog’s struggle.
9. What finally helped Baby Girl get the big role in the film?
A. Her adoption picture. B. Her personality and ability.
C. Her flat-out smiling. D. Her miserable experiences.
10. By saying “She is exactly the same” in the last paragraph, Buhler probably means ________.
A. the dog looked exactly the same as before
B. the dog’s really excited to live such a happy life
C. the dog returned to the piles of trash where she found it
D. the dramatic change of the dog’s life hasn’t changed her inner quality
11. What do you think may serve as the best title of the passage?
A The Trainer and Her Star Dog B. Shelby’s Hard-luck Story
C. From a Landfill Puppy to a Movie Star D. The Success of “A Dog’s Way Home”
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个从垃圾场发现的小狗从事演艺事业的故事。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Before her big break, she was living in a landfill, rooting through garbage for her next meal. (在她有重大突破之前，她住在垃圾堆里，翻着垃圾寻找下一顿饭)”可推知，作者在一开始就提到了一个演员在事业取得突破之前的奋斗，是为了介绍一只狗的类似但更引人注目的经历。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Then she met Baby Girl, and assessed her on personality and the ability to respond to simple commands. After assessment, she adopted Baby Girl from the shelter, renamed her Shelby and took her to California for training. (然后她接触了Baby Girl，并对她的性格和对简单命令的反应能力进行了评估。经过评估，她从收容所收养了Baby Girl，给她改名为Shelby，并带她去加州接受培训)”可知，Baby Girl的性格和能力最终帮助她在电影中获得了重要角色。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Shelby has come a long way from the garbage dump. But Buhler said when she saw Shelby recently she just needed only a second to compare the movie star with the dog she found from piles of trash. (Shelby从垃圾场一路走来。但Buhler说，她最近看到谢尔比只用了一秒钟就把这位电影明星和她在垃圾堆里找到的那条狗做了比较)”可推知，通过在最后一段中说“她完全一样”，Buhler可能是指狗狗生活的巨大变化并没有改变她的内在品质。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。主旨大意题。通读全文，在通过文章第二段“a noticeably scared puppy emerging from the dump (一只从垃圾堆里出来的明显害怕的小狗)”以及倒数第二段“an amazing dog, perfect performance (一只神奇的狗，完美的表现)”可推知，本文主要介绍了一只从垃圾场出来的小狗成为一名电影明星的引人注目的经历。C项“从垃圾场的小狗到电影明星”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。
D
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
12. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that ________
A. the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
B. their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
C. they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
D. they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
13. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have ________
A. a higher sense of security.
B. less secured payments.
C. less chance to invest.
D. a guaranteed future.
14. According to the author, health-savings plans will ________
A help reduce the cost of healthcare.
B. popularize among the middle class.
C. compensate for the reduced pensions.
D. increase the families’ investment risk.
15. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________
A. financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
B. the middle class may face greater political challenges.
C. financial problems may bring about political problems.
D. financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了美国社会经济状况的一些新变化。比如双职工家庭的经济风险大、退休金的安全度下降等。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback– a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.”可知双职工使得他们失去了曾经在财政危机是能保护它们的保护伞—在单职工时代，如果这一方面失业或者生病，预备赚钱的一方（通常是妈妈）能进入职场。但是双职工如果遇到财政危机，没有补救的办法，故可推测他们在应对财政危机时显得很脆弱。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.”可知布什发起倡议将社会保障调整为储蓄模式，退休的人要以他们许多甚至大多数有保障的款额换取取决于投资回报的款额。可想而知这样风险打了许多，也就是退休的款额变得不那么安全。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“…and newly fashionable health-savings plans are…with…a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare.”可知新的健康储蓄计划会给家庭将来的医疗增加一大剂投资风险。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句“.The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.”指出金融余波已经开始，政治余波可能就不远了。可推测出经济问题可能会带来政治问题。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so. ___16___ It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about the smart garbage can.
___17___ The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.
In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with an LED screen, which not only shows national policies on garbage classification but also shows the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some articles of daily use. ___18___ Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some Internal sensors. When people throw garbage into it, the internal sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them. ___19___
Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.___20___ With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now.
A. Garbage sorting has been a new fashion.
B. Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.
C. It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.
D. Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities.
E. It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.
F. Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities.
G. The good habit of garbage classification can improve the living environment.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了智能垃圾桶在城市的试用，并有望得到推广，有助于中国的绿色发展转型。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so.（在智能手机上打开一个应用程序，扫描垃圾桶上的条形码。当你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶时，它会显示垃圾的重量和你可以从中得到的分数。）”可知，上文谈到了扫码扔垃圾的方式，D项中提到的 “Such a way of handling garbage” 与之呼应。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据下文“The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.（环境问题一直是这些城市发展中令人头疼的问题。鼓励垃圾分类已经成为一种有效的方式。）可知，下句提到在城市的发展过程中环境问题成为令人头疼的问题。F项指出了中国的环境问题，即“每年中国的一些城市造成2亿多吨垃圾”。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据本段首句“In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use.（在一些城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。）”可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，设空处前介绍了装有LED屏幕的垃圾桶，设空处后介绍了装有感应器的垃圾桶，此种垃圾桶更加智能。B项：Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.（另一种垃圾桶更聪明。）符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据本段首句“In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use.（在一些城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。）”可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，空处对它们的出现给予评价。C项：It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.（难怪居民们都为它们两种垃圾桶的出现而欢呼）符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.（垃圾处理是一个每天涉及到每个人的小问题。然而，这也是一个大问题。）”可知，上文指出垃圾处理也是个大问题，本句应该进一步解释。E项：It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.（它会影响中国向绿色发展转型）指出了具体的问题。故选E。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完型填空 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Country diary: a chainsaw massacre in the alder woods
On an overcast, drizzly afternoon at Durham Wildlife Trust’s low Barns nature ____21____ alder provided the brightest splash of color in the ____22____
A tree had been felled and sawn into ____23____. Chainsaw wounds on this species can look like a massacre, because soon after the timber is cut, it turns a lurid shade of red, almost like blood, in stark contrast to the battleship-grey bark, ____24____ those wounds, which briefly ____25____ raw meat, fade to orange and finally to chestnut brown.
When this reserve was established half a century ago, around old gravel pits (采沙场), some moisture-loving alders were planted to help ____26____ a bare, windswept site. Alder wood is one of the finest sources of charcoal, and the plantation trees are old enough now to be coppiced, to produce barbecue fuel.
There is also an important natural alder wood here, created by a cataclysm almost two and a half centuries ago, which led to the designation of the reserve as a site of special scientific interest.
The Great Flood of 1771 ____27____ Weardale, washing away bridges all the way to the coast. When the water subsided, the course of the River Wear had ____28____ half a mile south, and the old riverbed became what is now the reserve’s Long Alder Wood, the finest example of its kind in the region.
When it sometimes floods, this tangle of gnarled（苍劲嶙峋的） trees has a ____29____ of the Florida Everglades（佛罗里达大沼泽） about it, with mossy, fallen trunks sinking back into the ooze (淤泥). Year round, there are wonderful _____30_____ to watch birds from an embankment level with the tree canopy. This afternoon an acrobatic flock of about 30 goldfinches（金翅雀）_____31_____ and chattered through the twigs, feeding on tiny seeds that fall from the woody cones.
Sadly, since the mid-1990s, another_____32_____ has befallen this locally _____33_____ woodland: alder dieback disease has killed around half the mature trees. Coppicing is leading to some regeneration, though in this precious _____34_____ dead timber is allowed to lay where it falls, reserved for the needs of a _____35_____ community of fungi, invertebrates and woodpeckers, rather than back-garden burger-flippers on summer evenings.
21. A. reserve B. preserve C. conserve D. deserve
22. A. scene B. view C. scope D. landscape
23. A. logs B. materials C. resources D. sources
24. A. Everlastingly B. Eventually C. Continually D. Sustainably
25. A. assemble B. present C. overcast D. resemble
26. A. rejuvenate B. revenge C. reform D. remain
27. A. gone through B. got through C. swept through D. cut through
28. A. changed B. shifted C. reversed D. revised
29. A. clue B. plot C. evidence D. hint
30. A. opportunities B. possibilities C. alternatives D. probabilities
31. A. schemed B. crawled C. bounced D. scattered
32 A. misfortune B. catastrophe C. setback D. adversity
33. A. unique B. peculiar C. especial D. particular
34. A. frontier B. territory C. habitat D. boundary
35. A. various B. versatile C. multiple D. diverse
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区，桤木为景观提供了最明亮的色彩，为那儿的生态做出了巨大的贡献。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个阴雨绵绵的下午，达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区，桤木为景观提供了最明亮的色彩。A. reserve保护区；B. preserve保护；C. conserve保存；D. deserve值得。根据“at Durham Wildlife Trust’s low Barns nature”可知，此处是说“在达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区”，因此空格处为“保护区”， 故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个阴雨绵绵的下午，达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区，桤木为景观提供了最明亮的色彩。A. scene场景；B. view风景；C. scope范围；D. landscape景观。根据“alder provided the brightest splash of color in the”可知，桤木是为那儿的整个景观提供了最明亮的色彩，因此空格处为“景观”，故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一棵树被砍倒，锯成了圆木。A. logs圆木；B. materials材料；C. resources资源；D. sources来源。根据“A tree had been felled and sawn into”可知，树被砍倒后是被锯成了圆木，故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，这些伤口，短暂地看起来像生肉，逐渐变成橙色，最后变成栗色。A. Everlastingly永久地；B. Eventually最终；C. Continually不断地；D. Sustainably可持续地。根据those wounds, which briefly ____ raw meat, fade to orange and finally to chestnut brown可知，最终，这些伤口，短暂地看起来像生肉，逐渐变成橙色，最后变成栗色，因此空格处为“最终”， 故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，这些伤口，短暂地看起来像生肉，逐渐变成橙色，最后变成栗色。A. assemble组装；B. present呈现；C. overcast使沮丧；D. resemble类似，像。根据those wounds, raw meat可知，伤口是看起来像生肉，因此空格处用“类似，像”， 故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这个保护区在半个世纪前建立时，在古老的砾石坑周围种植了一些喜湿的桤木，以帮助弥补这片被风吹过的光秃秃的地方。A. rejuvenate使年轻； B. revenge复仇；C. reform改革；D. remain仍然。根据“some moisture-loving alders were planted to help ____6____ a bare, windswept site”可知，在古老的砾石坑周围种植了一些喜湿的桤木，以帮助弥补这片被风吹过的光秃秃的地方，空格处可用revenge，意为“报复”， 在原文中意为对那片光秃秃的地方的报复， 故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：1771年的大洪水席卷了威代尔，冲走了一直延伸到海岸的桥梁。A. gone through经历；B. got through通过；C. swept through席卷；D. cut through抄近路走过。根据“washing away bridges all the way to the coast. ”可知，洪水是席卷威代尔，故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当水位下降时，威尔河的河道向南移动了半英里，古老的河床变成了现在保护区的长桤木林，这是该地区同类中最好的例子。A. changed改变；B. shifted转移；C. reversed颠倒；D. revised修改。 根据“half a mile south, and the old riverbed became what is now the reserve’s Long Alder Wood”可知，威尔河的河道向南移动了半英里，古老的河床变成了现在保护区的长桤木林，因此空格处为“转移”，故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时洪水来袭时，这些盘根错节的树木让人联想到佛罗里达的大沼泽地，长满青苔的倒下的树干沉入了淤泥中。A. clue线索；B. plot情节； C. evidence证据；D. hint暗示。根据“of the Florida Everglades（佛罗里达大沼泽） about it”可知，这些盘根错节的树木让人联想到佛罗里达的大沼泽地，因此空格处为“暗示”， 故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：全年都有绝佳的机会从树冠的堤岸观看鸟类。A. opportunities机会；B. possibilities可能性；C. alternatives可供选择的事物；D. probabilities可能性。根据“to watch birds from an embankment level with the tree canopy”可知，全年都有绝佳的机会从树冠的堤岸观看鸟类，因此空格处为“机会”， 故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天下午，一群大约30只金翅雀在树枝间蹦蹦跳跳，叽叽喳喳地叫着，以从木质球果上掉下来的小种子为食。A. schemed计划；B. crawled爬；C. bounced蹦跳；D. scattered撒播。根据30 goldfinches（金翅雀）以及“chattered through the twigs”可知，金丝雀是一种鸟，一般是蹦跳，故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，自20世纪90年代中期以来，另一场灾难降临了这片当地特有的林地:桤木枯死病已经杀死了大约一半的成熟树木。A. misfortune不幸；B. catastrophe灾难；C. setback挫折；D. adversity逆境。 根据“alder dieback disease has killed around half the mature trees”可知，桤木枯死病已经杀死了大约一半的成熟树木是一场灾难，故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，自20世纪90年代中期以来，另一场灾难降临了这片当地特有的林地:桤木枯死病已经杀死了大约一半的成熟树木。A. unique独一无二的；B. peculiar独特的；C. especial特别的；D. particular特别的。一场灾难降临了这片当地特有的林地，因此空格处为“独一无二的”， 故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管在这片珍贵的栖息地上， 死木材被允许放置在它倒下的地方，以满足真菌、无脊椎动物和啄木鸟的各种需求，而不是满足夏天晚上后花园的肉鳍鱼的需求。A. frontier前沿；B. territory领土；C. habitat栖息地；D. boundary边界。根据though in this precious _____和后文的reserved for the needs of a ____community of fungi, invertebrates and woodpeckers可知，这是一片栖息地，故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管在这片珍贵的栖息地上， 死木材被允许放置在它倒下的地方，以满足真菌、无脊椎动物和啄木鸟的各种需求，而不是满足夏天晚上后花园的肉鳍鱼的需求。。A. various各种各样的； B. versatile多才多艺的；C. multiple多样的；D. diverse多样化的。
根据后面的fungi, invertebrates and woodpeckers可知，死木材被允许放置在它倒下的地方，以满足真菌、无脊椎动物和啄木鸟的多样化的需求，因此空格处为“多样化的”， 故选D项。
第II卷 非选择题部分
第二节 语法填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin's notebooks had been ____36____ (miss) from their collection, one of ____37____ contains Darwin's iconic 1837 Tree of Life sketch. The journals, estimated to be valued at millions of ____38____ (pound), were last seen ____39____ November 2000. At that time, they were moved to another section of the library to be photographed. According to the library, a regular check two months later revealed that the notebooks were lost. Librarians ____40____ (initial) believed that the books were misplaced when they were reshelved. The library, which contains 200 kilometers of shelving, ____41____ (search) several times over the past few years in ____42____ attempt to find the journals. The ____43____ (direct) of library services stated last year that ____44____ was suspected that the notebooks were most probably _____45_____ (steal).
【答案】36. missing
37. which 38. pounds
39. in 40. initially
41. has been searched
42. an 43. director
44. it 45. stolen
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了剑桥大学图书馆中的查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记从他们的收藏中丢失事件。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一本包含达尔文标志性的1837年生命之树素描。逻辑主语two of Charles Darwin's notebooks与动词miss是主动关系，且根据句中的have been，可知用现在完成进行时，表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并可能仍然要继续下去。故填missing。
37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一本包含达尔文标志性的1837年生命之树素描。句中先行词为two of Charles Darwin's notebooks，指物，在非限定性定语从句中作one of的宾语，所以关系代词which引导。故填which。
【38题详解】
考查名称的数。句意：这些日记估计价值数百万英镑，最后一次出现是在2000年11月。句中的millions of后接名词复数。故填pounds。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：这些日记估计价值数百万英镑，最后一次出现是在2000年11月。月份前用介词in。故填in。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：图书管理员们最初认为这些书被放回书架时放错了地方。动词believed前用副词修饰。故填initially。
【41题详解】
考查时态与语态。句意：这个图书馆有200公里长的书架，过去几年里，为了找到这些期刊，人们已经搜了好几次。根据句中的时间状语over the past few years且逻辑主语The library是单数，与search之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时态的被动语态。故填has been searched。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这个图书馆有200公里长的书架，过去几年里，为了找到这些期刊，人们已经搜了好几次。可数名词attempt是单数，泛指且发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：图书馆服务主任去年表示，人们怀疑这些笔记本很可能是被偷了。冠词the后接名词且空格后是介词of。故填director。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意：图书馆服务主任去年表示，人们怀疑这些笔记本很可能是被偷了。固定句式it was suspected that…人们怀疑……，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。故填it。
【45题详解】
考查语态。句意：图书馆服务主任去年表示，人们怀疑这些笔记本很可能是被偷了。名词the notebooks与动词steal是被动关系且句中有be动词，所以用动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态。故填stolen。
第四部分 基础知识（共一节，满分20分）
第一节 用所给单词的正确形式填写单词或短语。 (共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分)
46. ________ (addict) the computer games, he couldn’t focus on his study. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Addicted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于沉迷于电脑游戏，他无法集中精力学习。be addicted to“沉溺于”，本句为形容词作状语。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Addicted。
47. The miraculous ________ (survive)of some people in the air crash was widely reported by the press. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】survival
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：一些人在空难中奇迹般的幸存下来的事情被媒体广泛报道。根据空格前的形容词以及后面的of 可知，空格处是名词。表达：幸存，用survival，抽象概念，不可数。故填survival。
48. With my car ______（repair）now, I have to go to work by bus or by bike this week. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being repaired
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：由于我的汽车正在修理，这个星期我不得不乘公交或骑自行车去上班。根据句意可知，此处表示“汽车正在被修理”，因此用“with +宾语+ being done”的结构作原因状语，现在分词的被动做宾补。故填being repaired。
49. My math teacher is a ______________ (humor) teacher with rich life experience and every student likes him.
【答案】humorous
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的数学老师是一个幽默的老师，有丰富的生活经验，每个学生都喜欢他。名词teacher前用形容词修饰，根据所给名词humor提示可知，转化为形容词形式。故填humorous。
50. The report on the accident showed that the bus driver had no _______________ (responsible).
【答案】responsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：事故报告表明公共汽车司机没有责任。动词had后接名词形式，根据所给形容词responsible提示可知，转化为名词形式。故填responsibility。
51. With ________ (fall) leaves buried in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】fallen
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于每年落叶被埋在土里，土壤变得越来越肥沃。分析可知，空格处缺少定语，fall的形容词有fallen (落下的，表示动作已经完成）；falling( 正在落，表示动作正在进行 )。因此，结合语境，用过去分词作定语。故填fallen。
52. I hurried to the airport, only ________ (tell) the plane had taken off. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to be told
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我匆匆赶到机场，却被告知飞机已经起飞。分析可知，only to一般用作结果状语，所以设空处应用不定式。tell与主语I 是被动关系，因此要用不定式的被动语态。故填to be told。
53. Those ________ (view) the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】viewing
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：那些观看阿博特霍尔(Abbot Hall)临时展览的人可能会认为他们是在一个城市画廊里，这是情有可原的。分析句子可知，该空为非谓语，与逻辑主语Those为主动关系，故该空应用现在分词viewing做定语。故填viewing。
54. I found out the true____________ (significant) of eating a balanced diet. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】significance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：我弄清楚了吃平衡饮食的重要意义。the true (significant) of eating a balanced diet是名词所有格，可知空格处是抽象名词，作宾语。故填significance。
55. Around half of the country's household and________(industry) waste is turned into energy. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】industrial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个国家大约有一半的家庭垃圾和工业的废料都可以被转化为能源。分析可知空格处是定语，修饰名词waste ，要用形容词。故填industrial。
56. ________ (expose) to a lot of new ideas when studying in college, Mary always does something that others can't understand. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Exposed
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：读大学时接触了许多新思想，Mary总是做一些他人无法理解的事情。词组be exposed to意为“被暴露于、使接触”。分析句子可知，“读大学时接触了许多新思想”是Mary做别人无法理解之事的原因，故用过去分词做原因状语。故填Exposed。
57. The show attracted a large audience, __________ (range) from children to old people.
【答案】ranging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：表演吸引了很多观众，从孩子到老人。range和audience有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语，故填ranging。
58. The teacher is________________(access) to the students.
【答案】accessible
【解析】
【详解】考查语境及形容词。句意：这个老师对学生平易近人。 be accessible to...意为“易于接触的，易于相处的，易打交道的”。根据语境可知，学生感觉老师很易相处。故填 accessible。
59. The end of the story left me _________ (puzzle). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】puzzled
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：故事的结尾让我迷惑不解。根据left me可知此处要用v-ed形式的形容词作宾语补足语。故填puzzled。
60. Taking pictures of polar bears is ________ (amaze) but also dangerous. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】amazing
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：北极熊拍照很神奇，但也很危险。分析句子可知，but后为形容词dangerous，该空也应用形容词；由于句中主语为动名词短语Taking pictures，指物，故该空应填形容词amazing作表语。故填amazing。
61. This plan will be prevented from ________ (carry) out because of some reasons. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being carried
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词的被动式。句意：由于一些原因，这个计划将被阻止执行。根据空格前的介词from可知空格处填动名词。又由于carry与主语This plan是被动关系，因此空格处要用动名词的被动式（being done）。故填being carried。
62. It’s harmful to children’s development if their parents always have them too easily________(forgive) for doing things wrong. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】forgiven
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果父母总是让孩子在做错事时太容易被原谅，这对孩子的发展是有害的。分析句子可知，if从句中已有谓语动词have，且空前无连接词，可知此处要用非谓语动词，由them与forgive之间是被动关系，可知此处要用过去分词。短语have sb. done，表示宾语的动作由别人完成。故填forgiven。
63. The only _________ （survive） in the plane crash was badly injured but the doctors said he would pull through.
【答案】survivor
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个在机难中唯一的幸存者受了很严重的伤，但医生说他很快会康复。分析句子结构可知，空格处作为句子主语，且译为“幸存者”。故填survivor。
64. Although reading English news every day will take up some of my time, I feel that it will be________(benefit) to improving my English. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】of benefit##beneficial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然每天看英语新闻会占用我一些时间，但我觉得这对提高我的英语水平有好处。根据固定短语“be beneficial to对……有益”可知该空应填形容词beneficial ；又由于be of+名词=形容词，该空还可以填写of benefit。故填of benefit/beneficial。
65. The editor is short of ________ (contribute) for the May issue of the magazine. （所给单词适当形式填空）
【答案】contributions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个编辑缺少该杂志五月号的稿件。contribute是动词，意为：投稿。前面有短语“is short of”意为：缺乏，缺少。后面需接名词形式做宾语。而contribution做“稿件”讲时是可数名词，故填contributions.
【点睛】contribution做“贡献”讲时，是不可数名词，常用于短语“make contribution to…”中，意为：为……做出贡献。contribution做“稿件”讲时，是可数名词。
第五部分 写作（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 翻译文段 (满分10分)
66. 段落翻译（根据中文意思翻译整个段落，共10分）
关于成功学的书在中国一直很流行，原因就是人们想当然的认为成功等同于发财。但是他们忽视了一个事实：成功人士的奋斗史（striving）其实只不过是被美化的回忆而已。实际上，只有当你足够了解他们，你才知道他们获得成功有多么困难。
【答案】Books about how to be successful have gained great popularity in China, because people take it for granted that success equals getting rich. However, they ignore one fact:the striving of successful people is just beautified memory. Actually, only when you know them well enough will you know the difficulty they had achieving success.
【解析】
【详解】试题分析：段落翻译时，首先要注意不能有语义上的变化，其次，在保证句子没有语法错误的时候，要尽量使用更英式的翻译。
考查名词、不定式、时态和固定句式。关于成功学的书表达为：Books about how to be successful，其中疑问词how+不定式作介词宾语；在中国很流行表达为：gain great popularity in China，“一直”表明用现在完成时；原因就是人们想当然的认为成功等同于发财表达为：because people take it for granted that success equals getting rich，剧中涉及固定句型：take it for granted that...认为……理所当然，其中it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的主语；但是他们忽视了一个事实：成功人士的奋斗史（striving）其实只不过是被美化的回忆而已表达为：However, they ignore one fact:the striving of successful people is just beautified memory；实际上，只有当你足够了解他们，你才知道他们获得成功有多么困难表达为：Actually, only when you know them well enough will you know the difficulty they had achieving success，only+状语（从句）位于句首，要采用部分倒装，故整段翻译为：Books about how to be successful have gained great popularity in China, because people take it for granted that success equals getting rich. However, they ignore one fact:the striving of successful people is just beautified memory. Actually, only when you know them well enough will you know the difficulty they had achieving success.
考点：考查段落翻译
第二节 应用文写作 (满分20分)
67. 现在网络上有许多关于英语学习的app，对于平时的英语学习中是否应该使用这些app，最近你在学校高二年级进行了一次调查，发现同学们的看法各不相同。请你为校报英语板块写一篇新闻报道，内容包括:
1. 70%的学生支持，30%的学生反对，并简述原因;
2.你的看法。
注意:
1. 写作词数80左右(文章开头已给出，不计入总词数);
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Recently, I've made a survey in Senior Two on whether students should make use of various English learning apps on the Internet. Opinions vary.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Recently, I’ve made a survey in Senior One on whether students should make use of various English learning apps on the Internet. Opinions vary.
70% of the respondents are in favor of using these learning apps, convinced that the apps help improve their listening as well as expand vocabulary. Besides, they can refer to these apps whenever and wherever possible, thus broadening their horizons.
However, the rest 30% hold the opposite view. They argue that students tend to rely on these apps, which in turn make them unable to think independently. Worse still, some apps may even contain wrong and harmful information.
From where I stand, I contend that we students should take good advantage of these apps and meanwhile develop our own thinking.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生写一篇新闻报道，报道一次关于同学们对于平时的英语学习中是否应该使用网上app的调查。
【详解】1.词汇积累
支持：in favor of→support
扩大：expand→broaden
此外：besides→what’s more
依靠：rely on→depend on
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：70% of the respondents are in favor of using these learning apps, convinced that the apps help improve their listening as well as expand vocabulary.
拓展句：70% of the respondents who are in favor of using these learning apps convince that the apps help improve their listening as well as expand vocabulary.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, they can refer to these apps whenever and wherever possible, thus broadening their horizons.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2] They argue that students tend to rely on these apps, which in turn make them unable to think independently.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
2022届广东省深圳外国语学校高三上学期第一次月考英语试题
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。全卷满分120分：第Ⅰ卷65分；第Ⅱ卷55分。考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1、答题前，考生将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2、答第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3、答第Ⅱ卷时，使用黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡指定区域书写，要求字体工整，笔迹清晰。
4、考试结束，监考人员将答题卡按座位号、页码顺序收回。
第I卷 选择题部分
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
LOVE TO TRAVEL updated a week ago
Almost everyone who loves traveling has a Xiamen dream. It looks as if no travel list is complete without visiting Xiamen, eating satay noodles, spending time in one of the city's various coffee shops, and staying on Gulangyu Island. Xiamen has the prosperity of a metropolis, but also has the quiet and comfortable feature of an ordinary town. The spring-like climate all the year round and the small and fresh temperament make this city so distinctive. Xiamen is a great destination for family travel, parents, or friends. It is also a good place to travel all year round.
About scenic spots
1. Gulangyu: If you want to tour Xiamen, board Gulangyu. Gulangyu is a beautiful island called the “garden on the sea”，where you can see a block of delicate and unique small houses in the shade of trees, and have the most beautiful mood even at each corner of the street.
2. China's most beautiful university-Xiamen University, small artistic fishing village- Zengcuoan, coastal first line of landscape-a road round the island, all the way to the sea-Zhongshan Road, a popular scenic spot of Jimei Village, the home of the soul-South Putuo,these are the scenic spots on Xiamen Island. There are many web celebrity scenic spots worthy to be visited when touring Xiamen.
3. The poetic landscape town around Xiamen has a history of more than 100 years. It got its name from the TV series “Cļoud Water Balļad”。
4.Fujian Tulou: The shooting place of the movie Big Fish & Begonia. If you are lucky enough to come to Fujian, you must go and see this building!
About the mode of travel
1.Low Price Package Tours:Local tour groups are really cheap. However, the trip is too tight and tiring, and most of the core scenic spots are not arranged, including a few shopping shops. You will feel you are resold to other travel agencies, and the quality can't be guaranteed.Chances are that you will be cheated. (the last choice is to join in the local tourist group)
2. Free travel: if you play by yourself, you need to plan the hotel, tickets, bus and itinerary in advance. It will take much time, energy and expense is high, and it is easy to be trapped because you are not local. If it is the peak season travel, it is difficult to book the hotel and tickets! And if you do not understand the local language, you are likely to book the hotel at a very high price or the location of the hotel is so remote that traffic is not convenient, as is often the case. Unless you have a lot of time and energy, and are willing to arrange all the agenda, you will waste a lot of time and money engaging in all kinds of queuing, finding the ways, and other troubles.
3.Free family travel: the most recommended, the most cost-effective and the most satisfying way to travel! You can book the air ticket by yourself, contact the Xiamen tourism planner in advance, and let him plan the whole trip. You don't have to worry about it yourself, and it's much cheaper than expected. Accommodation and traffic are not only well arranged, quality is guaranteed, but also you will get the most satisfactory service with the least money.
Points for attention on Xiamen trip
1.You'd better bring sunscreen cream, sunglasses and so on just in case. If you won't get sunburnt or suntan, sunscreen must be done.
2. Ship tickets to Gulangyu and the hotel must be booked in advance, or you can turn to Xiamen tourism planner to book them in advance.
3.Do not trust the roadside solicitor! It is easy for you to be trapped with no local guides. If there is anything you do not understand, consult Xiamen local tourism planners.
1. What makes Xiamen different from other tourist cities according to the passage?
A. Its unique scenic spots and landscape.
B. Its famous university and Buddist culture.
C. Its warm weather and artistic temperament.
D. Its convenient traffic and low cost.
2. Which of the following is true according the passage?
A. Free travel is the best choice to tour Xiamen because you have the most freedom.
B. Yunshuiyao is a town which is named after the TV series.
C The people of Xiamen are very cunning because you will go into a pit if careless.
D. There is bright sunshine in Xiamen all year round because it has a spring-like weather.
3. Where can the passage be from?
A. A travel magazine.
B. Ads from a newspaper.
C. A travel brochure.
D. Blogs on the web.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇广告，主要讲的是厦门的旅游景点和去厦门可采取的旅行方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The spring-like climate all the year round and the small and fresh temperament make this city so distinctive”（四季如春的气候，小而清新的空气，使这座城市与众不同）可知，厦门四季如春的气候和小清新的空气使它与众不同，故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据景点部分的第三点“The poetic landscape town around Xiamen has a history of more than 100 years. It got its name from the TV series “Cļoud Water Balļad”（这座充满诗意的景观小镇位于厦门周边，已有100多年的历史。它的名字来源于电视剧《云水谣》）可知，云水谣是一个以电视剧命名的小镇”，B项正确。A项由“free travel”定位到旅行方式的第2点，由此可知容易被骗，订票订宾馆都难等诸多麻烦，自由行并不是最佳选择。C项不能从此文中得出结论，在任何旅游景点，一不小心就会入坑，这不能说明厦门人就是狡猾的。D项全年气候如春，不是全年都有阳光。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由标题后updated a week ago（更新于一周前）可知，博客会经常被更新，因此本文可能来自于网上的博客。故选D。
B
Nothing draws attention to your new product like using it to send fast food into space. In June, Arizona-based World View demonstrated the potential of its pioneering stratollite--a sort of mini satellite that uses a balloon to take goods into the stratosphere (平流层)--by partnering with
KFC to ferry a 5-ounce piece of fried chicken 77,000 feet into the desert sky. “We took a chicken sandwich, launched it into space for 17 hours, and when it came back, it was perfect,” says World View CEO Jane Poynter.
Poynter’s final goal is to send tourists to the edge of space, tied to the company’s balloons, and to make the final frontier more accessible for research. Stratollites are inexpensive, compact, and easy to operate, ideal for monitoring weather patterns and providing military reconnaissance （侦察） or emergency communications during natural disasters. They can also do what traditional satellites can’t: spend months above a specific location without moving.
Though Poynter did not formally train as an engineer, she has spent her career in leading space research. The British native trained her skills as a technical manager while part of Biosphere 2, an Arizona research facility built to test a self-enclosed, self-sufficient ecosystem. Its creators hoped it could one day be adapted for use in space. She spent two years in the early 1990s sealed inside with seven others, experiencing everything from oxygen failures to colleagues’ emotional breakdowns.
Poynter met her future husband, Taber MacCallum, on the project, and afterward, the couple formed Paragon Space Development. They began devising biospheres that could support plant and animal life in orbit （太空轨道）.
“We showed it’s possible for animals to live in an environment they are not used to: microgravity,” Poynter says.
In 2014, Poynter and Maccallum achieved another first. They led the engineering team that helped former Google exec Alan Eustace skydive from the edge of the stratosphere. That’s when it hit them: The balloon-parachute system they designed for Eustace could be modified for tourism and research. So they formed World View, with MacCallum serving as chief technical officer.
The company has a contract with NASA to determine if the system could someday be used to gather data on Mars. “Taking stratollites and flying them on other planets,” Poynter says, “that’s definitely a part of the big dream.”
4. Stratollites are different from traditional satellites in that they can _______.
A. stay motionless in space
B. move about in a bigger area
C. provide emergency communications
D. survive better in a situation without gravity
5. What can be inferred from the passage about Biosphere 2?
A. It was adapted from a spaceship that used to work in space.
B. It was intended to become an ideal place for space research.
C. The participants all experienced some kind of emotional breakdown.
D. The participants were isolated from the outside world for some time.
6. What does the pronoun “it” (in paragraph 5) refer to?
A. Poynter and Maccallum have helped Alan Eustace to skydive.
B. Maccallum will serve as a chief technical officer in World View.
C. The system designed for Eustace can be used for more purposes.
D. Poynter and Maccallum hope to achieve more firsts in their career.
7. What is World View’s big dream?
A. Partnering with NASA to do research on other planets.
B. Using balloons to send tourists or researchers into space.
C. Giving people more opportunities to try extreme sports in space.
D. Working with food companies to send food to astronauts in space.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了World View公司的新产品：平流层卫星。这种卫星有很多优势，已经证明可以在很多领域使用。公司目前和NASA合作，期待可以用平流层卫星把游客和科研人员送入太空。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的They can also do what traditional satellites can’t: spend months above a specific location without moving.（他们能够做传统卫星不能做的事：几个月毫无移动地待在一个特定位置）可知，Stratollites与传统卫星的不同之处在于它可以一动不动的待在一个地方。A. stay motionless in space（不动的待在太空中）符合以上说法。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段的She spent two years in the early 1990s sealed inside with seven others, experiencing everything from oxygen failures to colleagues’ emotional breakdowns.（在20世纪早期她花了两年的时间和其它7个人一起被密封在里面，经历了缺氧和同事情绪崩溃）可知，他们有段时间是被密封在内，处于和外界隔绝的环境中。D. The participants were isolated from the outside world for some time.（参与者有段时间和外界隔绝）符合以上说法。故选D项。
【6题详解】
词意猜测题。根据文章第五段的That’s when it hit them: The balloon-parachute system they designed for Eustace could be modified for tourism and research.（就在那个时候他们想到了一件事：他们为Eustace设计的热气球降落伞系统可以被改造用来旅游和研究。）可知，文中的it指代的是热气球降落伞系统改造之后可以用于旅游和研究。C. The system designed for Eustace can be used for more purposes.（为Eustace设计的系统可以有更多的用处）符合以上说法。故选C项。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Poynter’s final goal is to send tourists to the edge of space, tied to the company’s balloons, and to make the final frontier more accessible for research.（Poynter的最终目标是把游客绑在公司的热气球上送到宇宙的边缘，让最终的宇宙前沿可以被研究）可知，公司的最终目标是把游客和研究人员用热气球送往太空。B. Using balloons to send tourists or researchers into space.（用热气球把游客和研究人员送入太空）符合以上说法。故选B项。
【点睛】代词指代要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系，判断画线的代词在文中的指代对象，包括考查it, she, he, they, them, that, this, those, these等在文中的指代。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句的前后临近句的内容，即一般要读三句话：前句，本句，后句。分析人称转变和动作转变的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后因果关系，从而准确推断其指代内容。例如，第3小题，That’s when it hit them: The balloon-parachute system they designed for Eustace could be modified for tourism and research.就在那时他们突然想到了it，冒号之后恰好解释了想到的内容，所以可以很快推测it就是The balloon-parachute system they designed for Eustace could be modified for tourism and research.
C
We’ve all heard the stories of an actor’s struggles before a career breakthrough: living a hard life, working part time, being a couch potato before getting that major role. Shelby, the star of “A Dog’s Way Home,” has a hard-luck tale that could top them all. Before her big break, she was living in a landfill, rooting through garbage for her next meal.
Shelby’s big break came in April 2017, when animal-control officer Megan Buhler was driving in Cheatham County, Tennessee. Out on an unrelated call, Buhler spotted and approached what she recalled was a noticeably scared puppy emerging from the dump. “I knelt down and just said, ‘Oh, come here, baby,’” said Buhler. “She was so scared, but she came right up to me, and I was able to put her in my truck.” The pair headed to the county animal shelter, where the staff began calling the new resident Baby Girl.
Buhler and others didn’t know that 3,200 kilometers away, Hollywood was looking for a dog to play Bella in a film written by Cathryn Michon. The find-a-Bella job went to freelance trainer Teresa Ann Miller. Her mission was to search shelters nationwide for a dog that could play Bella. One day, Miller spotted Baby Girl’s adoption photo. “Honestly, it was a really good picture, and she was flat-out smiling,” Miller said. Then she met Baby Girl, and assessed her on personality and the ability to respond to simple commands. After assessment, she adopted Baby Girl from the shelter, renamed her Shelby and took her to California for training. Miller and Shelby trained for just over three months before filming began. Then they were together each day on the set.
Most of the film’s reviews have praised Shelby’s performance. Variety made the comments “an amazing dog, perfect performance!”
Shelby has come a long way from the garbage dump. But Buhler said when she saw Shelby recently she just needed only a second to compare the movie star with the dog she found from piles of trash. “She’s exactly the same,” Buhler said.
8. Why does the author mention an actor’s struggle before a career breakthrough at the very beginning?
A. To clearly point out the main idea of the passage.
B. To attract reader’s attention by giving dramatic examples.
C. To introduce a dog’s similar but even more striking experiences.
D. To make a sharp contrast between an actor’s struggle and a dog’s struggle.
9. What finally helped Baby Girl get the big role in the film?
A. Her adoption picture. B. Her personality and ability.
C. Her flat-out smiling. D. Her miserable experiences.
10. By saying “She is exactly the same” in the last paragraph, Buhler probably means ________.
A. the dog looked exactly the same as before
B. the dog’s really excited to live such a happy life
C. the dog returned to the piles of trash where she found it
D. the dramatic change of the dog’s life hasn’t changed her inner quality
11. What do you think may serve as the best title of the passage?
A The Trainer and Her Star Dog B. Shelby’s Hard-luck Story
C. From a Landfill Puppy to a Movie Star D. The Success of “A Dog’s Way Home”
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个从垃圾场发现的小狗从事演艺事业的故事。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Before her big break, she was living in a landfill, rooting through garbage for her next meal. (在她有重大突破之前，她住在垃圾堆里，翻着垃圾寻找下一顿饭)”可推知，作者在一开始就提到了一个演员在事业取得突破之前的奋斗，是为了介绍一只狗的类似但更引人注目的经历。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Then she met Baby Girl, and assessed her on personality and the ability to respond to simple commands. After assessment, she adopted Baby Girl from the shelter, renamed her Shelby and took her to California for training. (然后她接触了Baby Girl，并对她的性格和对简单命令的反应能力进行了评估。经过评估，她从收容所收养了Baby Girl，给她改名为Shelby，并带她去加州接受培训)”可知，Baby Girl的性格和能力最终帮助她在电影中获得了重要角色。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Shelby has come a long way from the garbage dump. But Buhler said when she saw Shelby recently she just needed only a second to compare the movie star with the dog she found from piles of trash. (Shelby从垃圾场一路走来。但Buhler说，她最近看到谢尔比只用了一秒钟就把这位电影明星和她在垃圾堆里找到的那条狗做了比较)”可推知，通过在最后一段中说“她完全一样”，Buhler可能是指狗狗生活的巨大变化并没有改变她的内在品质。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。主旨大意题。通读全文，在通过文章第二段“a noticeably scared puppy emerging from the dump (一只从垃圾堆里出来的明显害怕的小狗)”以及倒数第二段“an amazing dog, perfect performance (一只神奇的狗，完美的表现)”可推知，本文主要介绍了一只从垃圾场出来的小狗成为一名电影明星的引人注目的经历。C项“从垃圾场的小狗到电影明星”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。
D
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
12. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that ________
A. the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
B. their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
C. they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
D. they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
13. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have ________
A. a higher sense of security.
B. less secured payments.
C. less chance to invest.
D. a guaranteed future.
14. According to the author, health-savings plans will ________
A help reduce the cost of healthcare.
B. popularize among the middle class.
C. compensate for the reduced pensions.
D. increase the families’ investment risk.
15. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________
A. financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
B. the middle class may face greater political challenges.
C. financial problems may bring about political problems.
D. financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了美国社会经济状况的一些新变化。比如双职工家庭的经济风险大、退休金的安全度下降等。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback– a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.”可知双职工使得他们失去了曾经在财政危机是能保护它们的保护伞—在单职工时代，如果这一方面失业或者生病，预备赚钱的一方（通常是妈妈）能进入职场。但是双职工如果遇到财政危机，没有补救的办法，故可推测他们在应对财政危机时显得很脆弱。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.”可知布什发起倡议将社会保障调整为储蓄模式，退休的人要以他们许多甚至大多数有保障的款额换取取决于投资回报的款额。可想而知这样风险打了许多，也就是退休的款额变得不那么安全。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“…and newly fashionable health-savings plans are…with…a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare.”可知新的健康储蓄计划会给家庭将来的医疗增加一大剂投资风险。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句“.The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.”指出金融余波已经开始，政治余波可能就不远了。可推测出经济问题可能会带来政治问题。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so. ___16___ It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about the smart garbage can.
___17___ The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.
In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with an LED screen, which not only shows national policies on garbage classification but also shows the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some articles of daily use. ___18___ Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some Internal sensors. When people throw garbage into it, the internal sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them. ___19___
Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.___20___ With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now.
A. Garbage sorting has been a new fashion.
B. Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.
C. It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.
D. Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities.
E. It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.
F. Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities.
G. The good habit of garbage classification can improve the living environment.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了智能垃圾桶在城市的试用，并有望得到推广，有助于中国的绿色发展转型。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so.（在智能手机上打开一个应用程序，扫描垃圾桶上的条形码。当你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶时，它会显示垃圾的重量和你可以从中得到的分数。）”可知，上文谈到了扫码扔垃圾的方式，D项中提到的 “Such a way of handling garbage” 与之呼应。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据下文“The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.（环境问题一直是这些城市发展中令人头疼的问题。鼓励垃圾分类已经成为一种有效的方式。）可知，下句提到在城市的发展过程中环境问题成为令人头疼的问题。F项指出了中国的环境问题，即“每年中国的一些城市造成2亿多吨垃圾”。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据本段首句“In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use.（在一些城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。）”可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，设空处前介绍了装有LED屏幕的垃圾桶，设空处后介绍了装有感应器的垃圾桶，此种垃圾桶更加智能。B项：Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.（另一种垃圾桶更聪明。）符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据本段首句“In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use.（在一些城市，各种多功能智能垃圾桶正在投入使用。）”可知，该段主要讲述两种智能垃圾桶，空处对它们的出现给予评价。C项：It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.（难怪居民们都为它们两种垃圾桶的出现而欢呼）符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.（垃圾处理是一个每天涉及到每个人的小问题。然而，这也是一个大问题。）”可知，上文指出垃圾处理也是个大问题，本句应该进一步解释。E项：It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.（它会影响中国向绿色发展转型）指出了具体的问题。故选E。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完型填空 (共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Country diary: a chainsaw massacre in the alder woods
On an overcast, drizzly afternoon at Durham Wildlife Trust’s low Barns nature ____21____ alder provided the brightest splash of color in the ____22____
A tree had been felled and sawn into ____23____. Chainsaw wounds on this species can look like a massacre, because soon after the timber is cut, it turns a lurid shade of red, almost like blood, in stark contrast to the battleship-grey bark, ____24____ those wounds, which briefly ____25____ raw meat, fade to orange and finally to chestnut brown.
When this reserve was established half a century ago, around old gravel pits (采沙场), some moisture-loving alders were planted to help ____26____ a bare, windswept site. Alder wood is one of the finest sources of charcoal, and the plantation trees are old enough now to be coppiced, to produce barbecue fuel.
There is also an important natural alder wood here, created by a cataclysm almost two and a half centuries ago, which led to the designation of the reserve as a site of special scientific interest.
The Great Flood of 1771 ____27____ Weardale, washing away bridges all the way to the coast. When the water subsided, the course of the River Wear had ____28____ half a mile south, and the old riverbed became what is now the reserve’s Long Alder Wood, the finest example of its kind in the region.
When it sometimes floods, this tangle of gnarled（苍劲嶙峋的） trees has a ____29____ of the Florida Everglades（佛罗里达大沼泽） about it, with mossy, fallen trunks sinking back into the ooze (淤泥). Year round, there are wonderful _____30_____ to watch birds from an embankment level with the tree canopy. This afternoon an acrobatic flock of about 30 goldfinches（金翅雀）_____31_____ and chattered through the twigs, feeding on tiny seeds that fall from the woody cones.
Sadly, since the mid-1990s, another_____32_____ has befallen this locally _____33_____ woodland: alder dieback disease has killed around half the mature trees. Coppicing is leading to some regeneration, though in this precious _____34_____ dead timber is allowed to lay where it falls, reserved for the needs of a _____35_____ community of fungi, invertebrates and woodpeckers, rather than back-garden burger-flippers on summer evenings.
21. A. reserve B. preserve C. conserve D. deserve
22. A. scene B. view C. scope D. landscape
23. A. logs B. materials C. resources D. sources
24. A. Everlastingly B. Eventually C. Continually D. Sustainably
25. A. assemble B. present C. overcast D. resemble
26. A. rejuvenate B. revenge C. reform D. remain
27. A. gone through B. got through C. swept through D. cut through
28. A. changed B. shifted C. reversed D. revised
29. A. clue B. plot C. evidence D. hint
30. A. opportunities B. possibilities C. alternatives D. probabilities
31. A. schemed B. crawled C. bounced D. scattered
32 A. misfortune B. catastrophe C. setback D. adversity
33. A. unique B. peculiar C. especial D. particular
34. A. frontier B. territory C. habitat D. boundary
35. A. various B. versatile C. multiple D. diverse
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区，桤木为景观提供了最明亮的色彩，为那儿的生态做出了巨大的贡献。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个阴雨绵绵的下午，达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区，桤木为景观提供了最明亮的色彩。A. reserve保护区；B. preserve保护；C. conserve保存；D. deserve值得。根据“at Durham Wildlife Trust’s low Barns nature”可知，此处是说“在达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区”，因此空格处为“保护区”， 故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个阴雨绵绵的下午，达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区，桤木为景观提供了最明亮的色彩。A. scene场景；B. view风景；C. scope范围；D. landscape景观。根据“alder provided the brightest splash of color in the”可知，桤木是为那儿的整个景观提供了最明亮的色彩，因此空格处为“景观”，故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一棵树被砍倒，锯成了圆木。A. logs圆木；B. materials材料；C. resources资源；D. sources来源。根据“A tree had been felled and sawn into”可知，树被砍倒后是被锯成了圆木，故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，这些伤口，短暂地看起来像生肉，逐渐变成橙色，最后变成栗色。A. Everlastingly永久地；B. Eventually最终；C. Continually不断地；D. Sustainably可持续地。根据those wounds, which briefly ____ raw meat, fade to orange and finally to chestnut brown可知，最终，这些伤口，短暂地看起来像生肉，逐渐变成橙色，最后变成栗色，因此空格处为“最终”， 故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，这些伤口，短暂地看起来像生肉，逐渐变成橙色，最后变成栗色。A. assemble组装；B. present呈现；C. overcast使沮丧；D. resemble类似，像。根据those wounds, raw meat可知，伤口是看起来像生肉，因此空格处用“类似，像”， 故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这个保护区在半个世纪前建立时，在古老的砾石坑周围种植了一些喜湿的桤木，以帮助弥补这片被风吹过的光秃秃的地方。A. rejuvenate使年轻； B. revenge复仇；C. reform改革；D. remain仍然。根据“some moisture-loving alders were planted to help ____6____ a bare, windswept site”可知，在古老的砾石坑周围种植了一些喜湿的桤木，以帮助弥补这片被风吹过的光秃秃的地方，空格处可用revenge，意为“报复”， 在原文中意为对那片光秃秃的地方的报复， 故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：1771年的大洪水席卷了威代尔，冲走了一直延伸到海岸的桥梁。A. gone through经历；B. got through通过；C. swept through席卷；D. cut through抄近路走过。根据“washing away bridges all the way to the coast. ”可知，洪水是席卷威代尔，故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当水位下降时，威尔河的河道向南移动了半英里，古老的河床变成了现在保护区的长桤木林，这是该地区同类中最好的例子。A. changed改变；B. shifted转移；C. reversed颠倒；D. revised修改。 根据“half a mile south, and the old riverbed became what is now the reserve’s Long Alder Wood”可知，威尔河的河道向南移动了半英里，古老的河床变成了现在保护区的长桤木林，因此空格处为“转移”，故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时洪水来袭时，这些盘根错节的树木让人联想到佛罗里达的大沼泽地，长满青苔的倒下的树干沉入了淤泥中。A. clue线索；B. plot情节； C. evidence证据；D. hint暗示。根据“of the Florida Everglades（佛罗里达大沼泽） about it”可知，这些盘根错节的树木让人联想到佛罗里达的大沼泽地，因此空格处为“暗示”， 故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：全年都有绝佳的机会从树冠的堤岸观看鸟类。A. opportunities机会；B. possibilities可能性；C. alternatives可供选择的事物；D. probabilities可能性。根据“to watch birds from an embankment level with the tree canopy”可知，全年都有绝佳的机会从树冠的堤岸观看鸟类，因此空格处为“机会”， 故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天下午，一群大约30只金翅雀在树枝间蹦蹦跳跳，叽叽喳喳地叫着，以从木质球果上掉下来的小种子为食。A. schemed计划；B. crawled爬；C. bounced蹦跳；D. scattered撒播。根据30 goldfinches（金翅雀）以及“chattered through the twigs”可知，金丝雀是一种鸟，一般是蹦跳，故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，自20世纪90年代中期以来，另一场灾难降临了这片当地特有的林地:桤木枯死病已经杀死了大约一半的成熟树木。A. misfortune不幸；B. catastrophe灾难；C. setback挫折；D. adversity逆境。 根据“alder dieback disease has killed around half the mature trees”可知，桤木枯死病已经杀死了大约一半的成熟树木是一场灾难，故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，自20世纪90年代中期以来，另一场灾难降临了这片当地特有的林地:桤木枯死病已经杀死了大约一半的成熟树木。A. unique独一无二的；B. peculiar独特的；C. especial特别的；D. particular特别的。一场灾难降临了这片当地特有的林地，因此空格处为“独一无二的”， 故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管在这片珍贵的栖息地上， 死木材被允许放置在它倒下的地方，以满足真菌、无脊椎动物和啄木鸟的各种需求，而不是满足夏天晚上后花园的肉鳍鱼的需求。A. frontier前沿；B. territory领土；C. habitat栖息地；D. boundary边界。根据though in this precious _____和后文的reserved for the needs of a ____community of fungi, invertebrates and woodpeckers可知，这是一片栖息地，故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管在这片珍贵的栖息地上， 死木材被允许放置在它倒下的地方，以满足真菌、无脊椎动物和啄木鸟的各种需求，而不是满足夏天晚上后花园的肉鳍鱼的需求。。A. various各种各样的； B. versatile多才多艺的；C. multiple多样的；D. diverse多样化的。
根据后面的fungi, invertebrates and woodpeckers可知，死木材被允许放置在它倒下的地方，以满足真菌、无脊椎动物和啄木鸟的多样化的需求，因此空格处为“多样化的”， 故选D项。
第II卷 非选择题部分
第二节 语法填空 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last year, Cambridge University Library announced that two of Charles Darwin's notebooks had been ____36____ (miss) from their collection, one of ____37____ contains Darwin's iconic 1837 Tree of Life sketch. The journals, estimated to be valued at millions of ____38____ (pound), were last seen ____39____ November 2000. At that time, they were moved to another section of the library to be photographed. According to the library, a regular check two months later revealed that the notebooks were lost. Librarians ____40____ (initial) believed that the books were misplaced when they were reshelved. The library, which contains 200 kilometers of shelving, ____41____ (search) several times over the past few years in ____42____ attempt to find the journals. The ____43____ (direct) of library services stated last year that ____44____ was suspected that the notebooks were most probably _____45_____ (steal).
【答案】36. missing
37. which 38. pounds
39. in 40. initially
41. has been searched
42. an 43. director
44. it 45. stolen
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了剑桥大学图书馆中的查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记从他们的收藏中丢失事件。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一本包含达尔文标志性的1837年生命之树素描。逻辑主语two of Charles Darwin's notebooks与动词miss是主动关系，且根据句中的have been，可知用现在完成进行时，表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并可能仍然要继续下去。故填missing。
37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：去年，剑桥大学图书馆宣布，查尔斯·达尔文的两本笔记从他们的收藏中丢失了，其中一本包含达尔文标志性的1837年生命之树素描。句中先行词为two of Charles Darwin's notebooks，指物，在非限定性定语从句中作one of的宾语，所以关系代词which引导。故填which。
【38题详解】
考查名称的数。句意：这些日记估计价值数百万英镑，最后一次出现是在2000年11月。句中的millions of后接名词复数。故填pounds。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：这些日记估计价值数百万英镑，最后一次出现是在2000年11月。月份前用介词in。故填in。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：图书管理员们最初认为这些书被放回书架时放错了地方。动词believed前用副词修饰。故填initially。
【41题详解】
考查时态与语态。句意：这个图书馆有200公里长的书架，过去几年里，为了找到这些期刊，人们已经搜了好几次。根据句中的时间状语over the past few years且逻辑主语The library是单数，与search之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时态的被动语态。故填has been searched。
【42题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这个图书馆有200公里长的书架，过去几年里，为了找到这些期刊，人们已经搜了好几次。可数名词attempt是单数，泛指且发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：图书馆服务主任去年表示，人们怀疑这些笔记本很可能是被偷了。冠词the后接名词且空格后是介词of。故填director。
【44题详解】
考查代词。句意：图书馆服务主任去年表示，人们怀疑这些笔记本很可能是被偷了。固定句式it was suspected that…人们怀疑……，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。故填it。
【45题详解】
考查语态。句意：图书馆服务主任去年表示，人们怀疑这些笔记本很可能是被偷了。名词the notebooks与动词steal是被动关系且句中有be动词，所以用动词的过去分词形式构成被动语态。故填stolen。
第四部分 基础知识（共一节，满分20分）
第一节 用所给单词的正确形式填写单词或短语。 (共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分)
46. ________ (addict) the computer games, he couldn’t focus on his study. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Addicted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于沉迷于电脑游戏，他无法集中精力学习。be addicted to“沉溺于”，本句为形容词作状语。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Addicted。
47. The miraculous ________ (survive)of some people in the air crash was widely reported by the press. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】survival
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：一些人在空难中奇迹般的幸存下来的事情被媒体广泛报道。根据空格前的形容词以及后面的of 可知，空格处是名词。表达：幸存，用survival，抽象概念，不可数。故填survival。
48. With my car ______（repair）now, I have to go to work by bus or by bike this week. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being repaired
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查with复合结构。句意：由于我的汽车正在修理，这个星期我不得不乘公交或骑自行车去上班。根据句意可知，此处表示“汽车正在被修理”，因此用“with +宾语+ being done”的结构作原因状语，现在分词的被动做宾补。故填being repaired。
49. My math teacher is a ______________ (humor) teacher with rich life experience and every student likes him.
【答案】humorous
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的数学老师是一个幽默的老师，有丰富的生活经验，每个学生都喜欢他。名词teacher前用形容词修饰，根据所给名词humor提示可知，转化为形容词形式。故填humorous。
50. The report on the accident showed that the bus driver had no _______________ (responsible).
【答案】responsibility
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：事故报告表明公共汽车司机没有责任。动词had后接名词形式，根据所给形容词responsible提示可知，转化为名词形式。故填responsibility。
51. With ________ (fall) leaves buried in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】fallen
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于每年落叶被埋在土里，土壤变得越来越肥沃。分析可知，空格处缺少定语，fall的形容词有fallen (落下的，表示动作已经完成）；falling( 正在落，表示动作正在进行 )。因此，结合语境，用过去分词作定语。故填fallen。
52. I hurried to the airport, only ________ (tell) the plane had taken off. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to be told
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：我匆匆赶到机场，却被告知飞机已经起飞。分析可知，only to一般用作结果状语，所以设空处应用不定式。tell与主语I 是被动关系，因此要用不定式的被动语态。故填to be told。
53. Those ________ (view) the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】viewing
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：那些观看阿博特霍尔(Abbot Hall)临时展览的人可能会认为他们是在一个城市画廊里，这是情有可原的。分析句子可知，该空为非谓语，与逻辑主语Those为主动关系，故该空应用现在分词viewing做定语。故填viewing。
54. I found out the true____________ (significant) of eating a balanced diet. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】significance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：我弄清楚了吃平衡饮食的重要意义。the true (significant) of eating a balanced diet是名词所有格，可知空格处是抽象名词，作宾语。故填significance。
55. Around half of the country's household and________(industry) waste is turned into energy. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】industrial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个国家大约有一半的家庭垃圾和工业的废料都可以被转化为能源。分析可知空格处是定语，修饰名词waste ，要用形容词。故填industrial。
56. ________ (expose) to a lot of new ideas when studying in college, Mary always does something that others can't understand. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Exposed
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：读大学时接触了许多新思想，Mary总是做一些他人无法理解的事情。词组be exposed to意为“被暴露于、使接触”。分析句子可知，“读大学时接触了许多新思想”是Mary做别人无法理解之事的原因，故用过去分词做原因状语。故填Exposed。
57. The show attracted a large audience, __________ (range) from children to old people.
【答案】ranging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：表演吸引了很多观众，从孩子到老人。range和audience有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语，故填ranging。
58. The teacher is________________(access) to the students.
【答案】accessible
【解析】
【详解】考查语境及形容词。句意：这个老师对学生平易近人。 be accessible to...意为“易于接触的，易于相处的，易打交道的”。根据语境可知，学生感觉老师很易相处。故填 accessible。
59. The end of the story left me _________ (puzzle). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】puzzled
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：故事的结尾让我迷惑不解。根据left me可知此处要用v-ed形式的形容词作宾语补足语。故填puzzled。
60. Taking pictures of polar bears is ________ (amaze) but also dangerous. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】amazing
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：北极熊拍照很神奇，但也很危险。分析句子可知，but后为形容词dangerous，该空也应用形容词；由于句中主语为动名词短语Taking pictures，指物，故该空应填形容词amazing作表语。故填amazing。
61. This plan will be prevented from ________ (carry) out because of some reasons. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being carried
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词的被动式。句意：由于一些原因，这个计划将被阻止执行。根据空格前的介词from可知空格处填动名词。又由于carry与主语This plan是被动关系，因此空格处要用动名词的被动式（being done）。故填being carried。
62. It’s harmful to children’s development if their parents always have them too easily________(forgive) for doing things wrong. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】forgiven
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果父母总是让孩子在做错事时太容易被原谅，这对孩子的发展是有害的。分析句子可知，if从句中已有谓语动词have，且空前无连接词，可知此处要用非谓语动词，由them与forgive之间是被动关系，可知此处要用过去分词。短语have sb. done，表示宾语的动作由别人完成。故填forgiven。
63. The only _________ （survive） in the plane crash was badly injured but the doctors said he would pull through.
【答案】survivor
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个在机难中唯一的幸存者受了很严重的伤，但医生说他很快会康复。分析句子结构可知，空格处作为句子主语，且译为“幸存者”。故填survivor。
64. Although reading English news every day will take up some of my time, I feel that it will be________(benefit) to improving my English. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】of benefit##beneficial
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然每天看英语新闻会占用我一些时间，但我觉得这对提高我的英语水平有好处。根据固定短语“be beneficial to对……有益”可知该空应填形容词beneficial ；又由于be of+名词=形容词，该空还可以填写of benefit。故填of benefit/beneficial。
65. The editor is short of ________ (contribute) for the May issue of the magazine. （所给单词适当形式填空）
【答案】contributions
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个编辑缺少该杂志五月号的稿件。contribute是动词，意为：投稿。前面有短语“is short of”意为：缺乏，缺少。后面需接名词形式做宾语。而contribution做“稿件”讲时是可数名词，故填contributions.
【点睛】contribution做“贡献”讲时，是不可数名词，常用于短语“make contribution to…”中，意为：为……做出贡献。contribution做“稿件”讲时，是可数名词。
第五部分 写作（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 翻译文段 (满分10分)
66. 段落翻译（根据中文意思翻译整个段落，共10分）
关于成功学的书在中国一直很流行，原因就是人们想当然的认为成功等同于发财。但是他们忽视了一个事实：成功人士的奋斗史（striving）其实只不过是被美化的回忆而已。实际上，只有当你足够了解他们，你才知道他们获得成功有多么困难。
【答案】Books about how to be successful have gained great popularity in China, because people take it for granted that success equals getting rich. However, they ignore one fact:the striving of successful people is just beautified memory. Actually, only when you know them well enough will you know the difficulty they had achieving success.
【解析】
【详解】试题分析：段落翻译时，首先要注意不能有语义上的变化，其次，在保证句子没有语法错误的时候，要尽量使用更英式的翻译。
考查名词、不定式、时态和固定句式。关于成功学的书表达为：Books about how to be successful，其中疑问词how+不定式作介词宾语；在中国很流行表达为：gain great popularity in China，“一直”表明用现在完成时；原因就是人们想当然的认为成功等同于发财表达为：because people take it for granted that success equals getting rich，剧中涉及固定句型：take it for granted that...认为……理所当然，其中it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的主语；但是他们忽视了一个事实：成功人士的奋斗史（striving）其实只不过是被美化的回忆而已表达为：However, they ignore one fact:the striving of successful people is just beautified memory；实际上，只有当你足够了解他们，你才知道他们获得成功有多么困难表达为：Actually, only when you know them well enough will you know the difficulty they had achieving success，only+状语（从句）位于句首，要采用部分倒装，故整段翻译为：Books about how to be successful have gained great popularity in China, because people take it for granted that success equals getting rich. However, they ignore one fact:the striving of successful people is just beautified memory. Actually, only when you know them well enough will you know the difficulty they had achieving success.
考点：考查段落翻译
第二节 应用文写作 (满分20分)
67. 现在网络上有许多关于英语学习的app，对于平时的英语学习中是否应该使用这些app，最近你在学校高二年级进行了一次调查，发现同学们的看法各不相同。请你为校报英语板块写一篇新闻报道，内容包括:
1. 70%的学生支持，30%的学生反对，并简述原因;
2.你的看法。
注意:
1. 写作词数80左右(文章开头已给出，不计入总词数);
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Recently, I've made a survey in Senior Two on whether students should make use of various English learning apps on the Internet. Opinions vary.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Recently, I’ve made a survey in Senior One on whether students should make use of various English learning apps on the Internet. Opinions vary.
70% of the respondents are in favor of using these learning apps, convinced that the apps help improve their listening as well as expand vocabulary. Besides, they can refer to these apps whenever and wherever possible, thus broadening their horizons.
However, the rest 30% hold the opposite view. They argue that students tend to rely on these apps, which in turn make them unable to think independently. Worse still, some apps may even contain wrong and harmful information.
From where I stand, I contend that we students should take good advantage of these apps and meanwhile develop our own thinking.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生写一篇新闻报道，报道一次关于同学们对于平时的英语学习中是否应该使用网上app的调查。
【详解】1.词汇积累
支持：in favor of→support
扩大：expand→broaden
此外：besides→what’s more
依靠：rely on→depend on
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：70% of the respondents are in favor of using these learning apps, convinced that the apps help improve their listening as well as expand vocabulary.
拓展句：70% of the respondents who are in favor of using these learning apps convince that the apps help improve their listening as well as expand vocabulary.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides, they can refer to these apps whenever and wherever possible, thus broadening their horizons.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2] They argue that students tend to rely on these apps, which in turn make them unable to think independently.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
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