山东省青岛市高三下学期英语5月自主检测试卷

这是一份山东省青岛市高三下学期英语5月自主检测试卷，共16页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，任务型阅读，完形填空，语法填空，写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读理解
If yu have difficulty deciding n yur bk list, the fllwing ideas shared by sme great talents might help yu ut.
Read bks frm eras past // Albert Einstein
Keeping up with current events and latest bks frm the bestseller list is a big jb, but Albert Einstein thught it was vital t leave sme rm fr lder wrks, t. Otherwise, yu'd be "cmpletely dependent n the prejudices and fashins f yur times," he wrte in a 1952 jurnal article.
Dn't jump t quickly frm bk t bk // Seneca
Seneca, a first-century Rman Stic philspher, believed that reading t wide a variety in t shrt a time wuld keep the teachings frm leaving a lasting impressin n yu. "Yu must spend much time amng a limited number f master thinkers, if yu wuld gain ideas which shall win firm hld in yur mind," he wrte.
Shp at secndhand bkstres // Virginia Wlf
In her essay Street Haunting, Virginia Wlf described the benefits f shpping in secndhand bkstres, where the wrks "have cme tgether in vast flcks f varius feather, and have a charm which the carefully chsen bks f the library lack."Accrding t Wlf, lking thrugh used bks gives yu the chance t cme acrss smething that wuldn't have risen t the attentin f librarians and
bksellers, wh are ften much mre selective in building their cllectins than secndhand bkstre wners.
Yu can skip utdated science wrks, but nt ld literature // Edward Lyttn
19th-century British nvelist and Parliamentarian Edward Lyttn was a firm believer in the value f reading ld literature.
"In science, read, by preference, the newest wrks; in literature, the ldest," he wrte in his 1863 essay cllectin Caxtniana. "The classic literature is always mdern. New bks revive and redecrate ld ideas; ld bks suggest and inspire new ideas.”

1.Wh held the idea that great wrks shuld be digested?
A. Albert Einstein. B. Seneca. C. Virginia Wlf. D. Edward Lyttn.
2.What attracted Virginia Wlf t secndhand bkstres?
A. A lwer price. B. A wider range. C. A mre careful cllectin. D. A better service.
3.Hw did Edward Lyttn find the classic literature?
A. Interesting. B. Outdated. C. Challenging. D. Valuable.
阅读理解
Guanmei, a 65-year-ld wman f the Dng ethnic grup, is the inheritr f the Grand Sng f Dng (侗族大歌), a natinal intangible cultural heritage in China. Her hmetwn Zaidai Village in Guizhu, suthwestern China, is hme t the Grand Sng f the Dng ethnic grup.
The Grand Sng f Dng dates frm mre than 2,500 years ag. The way Dng singers use their vcal crds (声带) is different frm hw frmally trained singers d. It is a flk chrus with multi-parts, n cnductr, and n accmpaniment. Organically grwing frm their natural surrundings, it is recgnized internatinally as "the sund f Nature."
Befre the Dng peple had a writing system in 1958，the Dng culture, their histry and stries were all recrded by means f sngs. As a Dng saying ges, "Rice feeds the bdy and sngs enrich the sul". The Dng peple sing right frm their childhd. While nt singing, they all wrk in their rice field.
Guanmei has been singing the Grand Sng f Dng all her life, making her a famus singing teacher in her hmetwn and nearby areas. "The sngs are ur means f passing n wisdm, knwledge and life experiences t thers. I will nt exist in this wrld 100 years later, but Grand sngs will. I'm hnred t d this jb," Guanmei said.
Kind-hearted, Guanmei has been vlunteering t teach the Grand Sng f Dng t the Dng children fr ver 30 years. Nw she has mre than 300 students. Guanmei is pleased t see the village children cme t her huse willingly when they have free time.
"Nwadays, mre and mre yung peple leave the village and settle in cities. Decades later, the Dng children ut f the village might knw nthing abut Grand sngs. We shuld d smething just nw. It's ur missin. What is nce lst might be lst frever," added Guanmei.
4.What makes the Grand Sng f Dng knwn as "the sund f Nature"?
A. The utstanding cnductr. B. The special musical instrument.
C. The attractive natural envirnment. D. The inspiratin frm nature.
5.What can we knw abut the Dng ethnic culture?
A. The Dng singers are prfessinals.
B. The Dng culture befre 1958 has been largely lst.
C. Singing is f vital imprtance t the Dng peple.
D. They have a written language with a histry f ver 2,500 years.
6.Hw des Guanmei feel abut the future f Grand sngs?
A. Cncerned. B. Sympathetic. C. Optimistic. D. Satisfied.
7.What's the authr's main purpse in writing the passage?
A. T call n yung peple t return t the Dng village.
B. T guide the Dng children t learn the Grand Sng f Dng.
C. T shw a wman's effrts t keep the Dng culture alive.
D. T instruct peple t appreciate the Grand Sng f Dng.
阅读理解
Overly fcusing n yur gals may actually be cunterprductive in the lng run. Take it frm an Olympic athlete.
After Brenda Martinez, a US Olympic runner, lst her balance in the 800-meter run, she lst the race that wuld qualify her fr the Olympics. Instead f fcusing n her failure, she prepared t win in the next race. "The track desn't care abut yur feelings," she tld New Yrk Magazine Intelligence. "Yu've just gt t mve frward." She did indeed mve frward and ended up winning third place in the 1500-meter race a week later t qualify fr the Olympics in Ri. Instead f attaching herself t the gal f making the Olympic team, she cncentrated n the prcess.
Researchers frm Harvard fund that veremphasizing gals based n measurable utcmes ften leads t risk-taking, imprper behavir and reduced mtivatin.
When yu becme verly fcused n achieving the gal, yu may lse sight f yur riginal purpse fr accmplishing the gal in the first place. Anther danger is actually cmpleting the gal withut setting a plan fr what's next. Fr example, sme marathn runners experience what's called the "pst-race blues". Achieving yur gal may cause yu t drp the gd habits that gt yu there in the first place.
"After yu set a gal, it's best t shift yur fcus frm the gal itself t the prcess that gives yu the best chance f achieving it; and t judge yurself based n hw well yu manage that prcess," clumnist Brad Stulberg said.
Ultimately, changing yur mindset frm gals t prcess will lead yu t achieve small victries n yur way t accmplishing lng-term gals. It leaves yu with a sense f satisfactin and accmplishment, regardless f the measurable utcme.
8.What des the underlined wrd "cunterprductive" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Influential. B. Harmful. C. Satisfying. D. Unpredictable.
9.What des the writer want t tell us by referring t Brenda Martinez's stry?
A. The ways t deal with failure.
B. The prcess matters mre.
C. Determinatin means a lt fr an athlete.
D. The cnsequence f making the right decisin.
10.Why may sme marathn runners experience the "pst-race blues"?
A. Because they are satisfied with their achievements.
B. Because they haven't gained what they want.
C. Because they haven't gt a further plan.
D. Because they lse sight f their riginal purpse.
11.What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A. Hw t set a lng-term gal. B. The way t realize yur aim.
C. The benefits f fixing n the prcess. D. Hw t shift yur fcus frm gal t prcess.
阅读理解
A master f wrds, a literary genius and a philspher, Russian authr Le Tlsty (1828-1910) is knwn by many as the greatest writer f all time. Even in 2020, 110 years after his death, his tw greatest masterpieces, War and Peace and Anna Karenina, cntinue t be widely read, appreciated and highly influential.
"If the wrld culd write by itself, it wuld write like Tlsty," the Russian authr Isaak Babel nce said. Tlsty's realistic fictin is famus fr its pwers f bservatin and ability t mine the depths f human cnsciusness, such as the psychlgical explratin f a married wman in Anna Karenina. In War and Peace, Tlsty als describes Russia's natinal sul and expresses public unity thrugh his many characters. His characters feel alive; they grw, they change and they stick in the minds f readers lng after the final page is turned.
Tlsty's influence n literature is withut cmparisn. Authrs regularly mentin his nvels as their highest ambitin, wrks that they culd nly dream f writing themselves. American writer Francis Sctt called Tlsty the "greatest f all nvelists" in his essay. He wrte, "frm his first wrds, we can be sure f ne thing at any rate – here is a man wh sees what we see, wh prceeds, t, as we are accustmed t prceeding, nt frm the utside inwards but frm the inside utwards."
"He defends fundamental values such as lve, friendship and family relatins. He gives psitive answers t the questins mankind is asking. In this sense he gives mre hpe," Tlsty's great-great grandsn, Vladimir Ilyich Tlsty, said.
Tlsty's message f peace has even had an effect n the real wrld. He inspired the leader f India's independence mvement, Mahatma Ghandi, and his philsphy f nn-vilence ver the curse f a year in which they wrte letters t each ther.
12.What des the secnd paragraph intend t tell us?
A. The writing style f Tlsty. B. Tlsty's influence n ther authrs.
C. The characters in Tlsty's wrks. D. The intrductin t the greatest wrks f Tlsty.
13.Which wrds can best describe Tlsty accrding t the passage?
A. Humrus and caring. B. Determined and ptimistic.
C. Prductive and hard-wrking. D. Insightful and peace-lving.
14.Hw des the authr intrduce Tlsty in this passage?
A. By cntrasting with ther authrs. B. By analyzing characteristics f his wrks.
C. By quting cmments and pinins. D. By describing his deeds in life.
15.Which can be the best title fr the passage?
A. Tlsty and His Wrks B. Tlsty's Life and Achievements
C. War and Peace: a Great Masterpiece D. Tlsty: a Writer Beynd Cmparisn
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The cnvenience plastic ffers has led t a thrw-away culture that reveals the material's dark side. Many f its prducts, such as plastic bags and fd wrappers, have a service life f mere minutes t hurs.16.
Plastic has been the biggest threat t cean life fr decades. Sunlight, wind and wave actin break dwn plastic waste t a certain extent, but it nly succeeds in reducing it t smaller pieces.
17. They spread thrughut the water and have been fund in every crner f the glbe, affecting nearly 700 species, including endangered nes.
18. They range frm birds t fish and t ther marine animals. Mst f the deaths t them are caused by starvatin. Small pieces f plastic have been fund in mre than 100 marine species, including fish, shrimp, and sme seashells. In many cases, these tiny bits pass thrugh their stmachs.19. Stmachs s packed with plastic reduce the urge t eat, making them die eventually.
Tests have als cnfirmed cell damage and truble with animals' reprductive systems caused by plastic-eating. Sme species, such as ysters, prduce fewer eggs if they wrngly take t much plastic.
Frtunately, slutins are being fund. Many scientists agree the tp pririty is t prevent plastic waste frm entering rivers and seas. 20. Better prduct design als shuld be taken int accunt, as well as the reductin in prducing unnecessary single-use plastic prducts.
A. Nearly every species f seabird eats plastics.
B. This makes plastic waste even harder t ntice.
C. Millins f animals are killed by plastic every year.
D. Sme pieces have even been fund blcking their rgans.
E. Half f all plastics ever prduced have been made in the last 15 years.
F. It culd be dne with imprved waste management systems and recycling.
G. Hwever, they may remain in the envirnment fr hundreds f years and cause a lt f harm.
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A little girl has becme famus in her neighbrhd after drawing messages f hpe n her family's garage dr during lckdwn (疫情封闭).
Mm-f-tw Christine has been letting her six-year-ld daughter Eilidh turn their black shiny garage dr int a 21 art prject with chalk. Twice a week since April 2020, Eilidh has let her imaginatin run 22 , cvering the space with mermaids, dlphins, Spiderman, and dinsaurs. She has this week 23 it with a rainbw, flwers, and sme 24 wrds. Eilidh has a little wden chair she can stand n t help her 25 higher up, and her artist mm gives her 26 with things she needs.
Her drawings came t peple's 27 , and an admiring fan club has begun leaving bxes f chclates n their drstep. 28 mm Christine said: "Whatever cmes int her head she draws it 29 . It culd be quite 30 . It depends n what is happening arund her. She is just drawing utside t make peple 31 ."
Christine has already 32 ne brm (扫帚) by cleaning the garage. When it rains, the chalk is washed away, and Eilidh starts again 33 n the next dry day.
Eilidh is nw lving being back at 34 as lckdwn in Britain eases. And ne thing is fr sure – this little girl is n dubt superir in her 35 classes.
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Electric vehicles are better fr the climate than gas-pwered cars, but many Americans are still hesitant t buy them. One reasn: the larger upfrnt cst (前期成本).
New data36. (publish) Thursday shws that despite the higher sticker price, electric cars may actually save drivers mney in the lng run.
T reach this37. (cnclude), a team at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy calculated bth the carbn dixide emissins38. full lifetime cst – including purchase price, maintenance and fuel – fr nearly every new car mdel n the market. They fund electric cars were39. (easy) mre climate friendly than gas-burning nes. Over a lifetime, they were ften40. (cheap), t.
Climate scientists say vehicle electrificatin is ne f the best ways41. (reduce) planet-warming greenhuse gas emissins. In the United States, the transprtatin sectr is the largest surce f emissins, mst f42. cme frm cars and trucks.
Jessika Trancik,43. assciate prfessr f energy studies at wh led the research,
44. (say) the data wuld "help peple learn abut hw thse upfrnt csts are spread ver the lifetime f the car." Fr electric cars, lwer csts f maintenance and charging cmpared45. gasline prices tend t ffset (抵消) the higher upfrnt price ver time.
五、写作（共两节，满分40分）
46.假定你是李华，你校将在端午节期间组织一次去敬老院的志愿者活动。请用英语给你校外国留学生写一个通知，内容包括：
1） 活动时间、地点；
2） 活动内容。
注意:
1） 词数 80 左右;
2）请在答题卡相应位置作答。
47.阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
With tw full bags f cat fd in her arms, Lila culdn't stp smiling as she walked tward the familiar shp n the crner. She was making her weekly visit t see Hussein, the barber. He sptted her thrugh the picture windw f his quiet shp and burst thrugh the dr int the sunlight, stretching his arms wide with a Turkish greeting. The tw hurried ver t the tiny fd dishes lined up in the street crner and sn several cats began t appear.
Hussein tk mst f his spare time in the street, patting each cat and speaking sftly. Lila had been leading a vlunteer animal rescue prgram in Turkey fr the last three years and ften reprted relevant stries n her website.
As the tw finished up and made their way back, Hussein's smile faded and Lila nticed he was beginning t lk rather thin, s she asked him what was the matter. Hesitating fr a while, Hussein said, "I am afraid I will lse this barbershp." Days befre, Hussein was tld that he must clse the shp in tw weeks. The landlrd thught he culdn't pay enugh rent and invited anther tenant (租户), ne wh wuldn't feed cats utside all the time, but fcus mre n his business.
"As fr me, I can find a jb t earn a living. What I'm really wrried abut are the cats. Clsing this shp, I wn't have enugh time and mney t take care f them." Hussein sighed deeply. Lila's eyes began t fld as Hussein expressed his wrry. "Haven't yu thught abut pening a new barbershp?" Lila asked. "But the strefrnts (门头房) nearby are t expensive and the nes far away are nt available fr me t take care f the cats." Hussein said helplessly.
There were nly seven days befre Hussein left the shp. Lila feared fr his very survival and fr that f the animals wh depended n him. She realized that she shuld d smething.
注意：
1） 续写词数应为 150 左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Lila psted Hussein's stry n her website.
……
In less than a mnth, Hussein was back in business again in his new shp.
答案解析部分
一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
【答案】 1.B
2.B
3.D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，如果你在确定你的书单上有困难，以下一些伟大的天才分享的想法可能会帮助你。作者对此进行了介绍。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
1.考查细节理解。根据Dn 't jump t quickly frm bk t bk //Seneca部分中的“Seneca, a first-century Rman Stic philspher, believed that reading t wide a variety in t shrt a time wuld keep the teachings frm leaving a lasting impressin n yu. ‘Yu must spend much time amng a limited number f master thinkers, if yu wuld gain ideas which shall win firm hld in yur mind,’ he wrte.”公元一世纪的古罗马斯多葛派哲学家Seneca认为，在短时间内读书太杂会让自己无法长久铭记从书中获得的教益。他在给罗马作家卢西利厄斯的信中写道:“你必须花时间品读少数几位伟大思想家的作品，这样才能让教益常驻心间。可知，Seneca认为伟大的作品应该被消化。故选B。
2.考查细节理解。根据Shp at secndhand bkstres // Virginia Wlf部分中的“In her essay Street Haunting, Virginia Wlf described the benefits f shpping in secndhand bkstres, where the wrks ‘have cme tgether in vast flcks f varius feather, and have a charm which the carefully chsen bks f the library lack.’”可知，弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙在她的散文《街头漫步》中描述了在二手书店买书的好处，在那里各种书籍“像斑驳的羽毛一样堆在一起，这种魅力正是图书馆里中规中矩的藏书所欠缺的。”可知，范围更广的图书引了弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫去二手书店。故选B。
3.考查细节理解。根据Yu can skip utdated science wrks, but nt ld literature// Edward Lyttn部分中的“19th-century British nvelist and Parliamentarian Edward Lyttn was a firm believer in the value f reading ld literature.”可知，19世纪英国小说家、议会议员爱德华·鲍沃尔-李敦是古文学价值的坚定信徒。可知，爱德华·鲍沃尔-李敦认为古典文学是有价值的。故选D。
【答案】 4.D
5.C
6.A
7.C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个女人为保持侗族文化的活力所做的努力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The way Dng singers use their vcal crds (声带) is different frm hw frmally trained singers d. It is a flk chrus with multi-parts, n cnductr, and n accmpaniment. Organically grwing frm their natural surrundings, it is recgnized internatinally as ‘the sund f Nature.’"侗族歌手使用声带的方式，与受过正规训练的歌手不同。这是一个民间合唱团，由多个部分组成，没有指挥，没有伴奏。从自然环境中有机生长，它被国际公认为“自然之声”。可知，侗族大歌是源自于从自然环境中所得到的灵感，所以被称为自然之声。故选D。
5.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Befre the Dng peple had a writing system in 1958, the Dng culture,their histry and stries were all recrded by means f sngs. " 1958年侗族还没有文字系统之前，侗族文化、侗族历史和侗族故事都是通过歌曲来记录的。可知，歌曲在侗族的文化中意义重大。故选C。
6.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“’ later,the Dng children ut f the village might knw nthing abut Grand sngs. We shuld d smething just nw. It's ur missin. What is nce lst might be lst frever,‘ added Guanmei .”“几十年后，村里的侗族孩子可能对大歌一无所知。我们现在应该做点什么。这是我们的任务。一旦失去，就可能永远失去。”关梅补充道。可推知，对于侗族大歌的未来，关梅是担忧的。故选A。
7.考查推理判断。根据第一段“Guanmei, a 65-year-ld wman f the Dng ethnic grup, is the inheritr f the Grand Sng f Dng (侗族大歌), a natinal intangible cultural heritage in China.”现年65岁的侗族妇女关梅是侗族非物质文化遗产侗族大歌的继承人；第四段中的“Guanmei has been singing the Grand Sng f Dng all her life, making her a famus singing teacher in her hmetwn and nearby areas.”关梅一生都在唱侗族大歌，使她成为了家乡和附近地区著名的歌唱教师；以及第五段中的“Kind-hearted,Guanmei has been vlunteering t teach the Grand Sng f Dng t the Dng children fr ver 30 years.”三十多年来，善良的关梅一直自愿教侗族儿童唱侗族大歌。可知，本介绍了为了侗族大歌能够得到传承，一位普通女人所做的努力，故选C。
【答案】 8.B
9.B
10.C
11.C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，哈佛大学的研究人员发现，过分强调基于可衡量结果的目标往往会导致冒险、不当行为和动机降低，也就是说从长远来看，过度关注你的目标可能会有害。作者通过具体的任务和事例来说明了这一发现。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
8.考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“Overly fcusing n yur gals may actually be”以及第三段“Researchers frm Harvard fund that veremphasizing gals based n measurable utcmes ften leads t risk-taking,imprperbehavir and reduced mtivatin.”哈佛大学的研究人员发现，过分强调基于可衡量结果的目标往往会导致冒险、不当行为和动机降低。可知，根据研究人员的发现可知，从长远来看，过度关注你的目标可能会有害。故画线词意思是“有害的”。故选B。
9.考查推理判断。根据第二段“After Brenda Martinez, a US Olympic runner, lst her balance in the 800-meter run,she lst the race that wuld qualify her fr the Olympics. Instead f fcusing n her failure, she prepared t win inthe next race. ‘The track desn 't care abut yur feelings,’she tld New Yrk Magazine Intelligence.‘Yu've justgt t mve frward.’She did indeed mve frward and ended up winning third place in the 1500-meter race a week later t qualify fr the Olympics in Ri.Instead f attaching herself t the gal f making the Olympic team,she cncentrated n the prcess.“美国奥运选手Brenda Martinez在800米赛跑中失去了平衡，失去了参加奥运会的资格。她没有把注意力集中在自己的失败上，而是准备在下一场比赛中获胜。她告诉《纽约杂志情报》:“赛道并不在乎你的感受，你必须往前走。”她确实继续前进，并最终在1500米比赛中获得第三名，在里约热内卢获得奥运会资格。她没有专注于成为奥运代表队的目标，而是专注于过程。可推知，作者想通过Brenda Martinez的故事告诉我们过程更重要。故选B。
10.考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Anther danger is actually cmpleting the gal withut setting a plan fr what's next.Fr example, sme marathn runners experience what's called the‘pst-race blues’. Achieving yur gal maycause yu t drp the gd habits that gt yu there in the first place.”另一个危险是，没有为下一步做什么设定计划就完成了目标。例如，一些马拉松运动员会经历所谓的“赛后抑郁”。实现你的目标可能会导致你放弃最初让你达到目标的好习惯。可知，一些马拉松运动员会经历“赛后抑郁”是因为他们没有进一步的计划。故选C。
11.考查段落大意。根据最后一段“Ultimately, changing yur mindset frm gals t prcess will lead yu t achievesmall victries n yur way t accmplishing lng-term gals. It leaves yu with a sense f satisfactin andaccmplishment, regardless f the measurable utcme.“最终，改变你的思维方式，从目标到过程，会让你在实现长期目标的路上取得小的胜利。它给你一种满足感和成就感，不管结果如何。可知，最后一段主要讲了专注于过程的好处。故选C。
【答案】 12.A
13.D
14.C
15.D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过引用一些人对托尔斯泰的评论，说明了托尔斯泰的成就和影响力巨大。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Tlsty’s realistic fictin is famus fr its pwers f bservatin and ability t mine the depths f human cnsciusness”托尔斯泰的现实主义小说以其观察力和挖掘人类意识深处的能力而闻名；以及“Tlsty als describes Russia’s natinal sul and expresses public unity thrugh his many characters.”托尔斯泰还描写了俄罗斯的民族精神，并通过他的许多人物表达了公众的团结。可知，两处均提到了托尔斯泰作品中的写作风格：现实主义和民族精神。所以本段主要表达的是托儿斯泰作品中的写作风格，故选A。
13.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“here is a man wh sees what we see, wh prceeds, t, as we are accustmed t prceeding, nt frm the utside inwards but frm the inside utwards.”这个人能看到我们所看到的，他也会继续前进，就像我们习惯的那样，不是从外向内，而是从内向外。可知，托尔斯泰是极具有洞察力的一个人；以及最后一段中的“Tlsty’s message f peace has even had an effect n the real wrld.”托尔斯泰的和平理念，甚至对现实世界产生了影响。可知，托尔斯泰是一个具有和平信念的人。所以有洞察力和具有和平信念是托尔斯泰所具有的品质。故选D。
14.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“‘If the wrld culd write by itself, it wuld write like Tlsty,’ the Russian authr Isaak Babel nce said.”“如果世界可以自己写作，就会像托尔斯泰那样写作。”俄国作家伊萨克 · 巴贝尔曾经说过；第三段中的“American writer Francis Sctt called Tlsty the ‘greatest f all nvelists’ in his essay. He wrte, ‘frm his first wrds, frm the inside utwards.’”美国作家弗朗西斯 · 斯科特在他的文章中称托尔斯泰为“最伟大的小说家”。他写道“从他的第一句话开始，我们至少可以确定一件事，这是一个能看到我们所看到的东西的人，他也在前进，就像我们习惯的那样，不是从外向内，而是从内向外”；以及倒数第二段中的“‘He defends fundamental values mre hpe,’ Tlsty’s great-great grandsn, Vladimir Ilyich Tlsty, said.”“他捍卫爱情、友谊和家庭关系等基本价值观。他对人类提出的问题给出了肯定的答案。在这个意义上，他给予了更多的希望。”托尔斯泰的曾曾曾孙，弗拉基米尔 · 伊里奇 · 托尔斯泰说。可知，本文通过引用一些人对托尔斯泰的评论，来说明他的影响。故选C。
15.考查主旨大意。根据第一段“A master f wrds, a literary genius and a philspher, Russian authr Le Tlsty (1828-1910) is knwn by many as the greatest writer f all time. Even in 2020, 110 years after his death, his tw greatest masterpieces, War and Peace and Anna Karenina, cntinue t be widely read, appreciated and highly influential.”文学大师，文学天才，哲学家，俄国作家列夫 · 托尔斯泰(1828-1910)被许多人认为是有史以来最伟大的作家。即使在他去世110年后的2020年，他最伟大的两部作品，《战争与和平》和《安娜 · 卡列尼娜》仍然被广泛阅读，欣赏和极具影响力。同时结合下面段落中引用一些人们对托尔斯泰的评论，可知，主要说明了托尔斯泰的成就和影响力巨大。文学大师，文学天才，哲学家是对他的成就及影响力的肯定。所以标题用“一个无与伦比的作家”最符合文意，故选D。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
【答案】 G；B；C；D；F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如今塑料对海洋造成的严重污染问题，介绍了塑料的一些特性以及解决方案。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇环保类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16.根据空前“The cnvenience plastic ffers has led t a thrw-away culture that reveals the material’s dark side. Many f its prducts, such as plastic bags and fd wrappers, have a service life f mere minutes t hurs.”便利的塑料供应导致了一种用后即弃的文化，揭示了这种材料的阴暗面。它的许多产品，如塑料袋和食品包装，只有几分钟到几小时的使用寿命。可知，上文提到了塑料的危害，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明塑料的危害，G选项中they指代上文prducts。G. Hwever, they may remain in the envirnment fr hundreds f years and cause a lt f harm.“然而，它们可能在环境中存在数百年，并造成很多危害”符合语境，故选G。
17.根据空前“Plastic has been the biggest threat t cean life fr decades. Sunlight, wind and wave actin break dwn plastic waste t a certain extent, but it nly succeeds in reducing it t smaller pieces.“几十年来，塑料一直是对海洋生物最大的威胁。阳光、风和浪的作用在一定程度上分解了塑料垃圾，但它只能成功地将其分解成更小的碎片；以及空后“They spread thrughut the water and have been fund in every crner f the glbe, affecting nearly 700 species, including endangered nes.”它们遍布水域，遍布全球每个角落，影响了近700种物种，包括濒临灭绝的物种。可知，上一段提到塑料可以分解成更小的碎片，后文则说它们遍布水域，可推测塑料这一特性的结果是：使得塑料垃圾更难被发现。B. This makes plastic waste even harder t ntice.“这使得塑料垃圾更难被发现”符合语境，故选B。
18.根据空后“They range frm birds t fish and t ther marine animals. Mst f the deaths t them are caused by starvatin.“它们包括鸟类、鱼类和其他海洋动物。他们中的大多数死于饥饿。可知，后文列举了一些死于塑料的动物，可知每年有数百万的动物被塑料杀死。C选项中Millins f animals对应后文They。C. Millins f animals are killed by plastic every year.“每年有数百万的动物被塑料杀死”符合语境，故选C。
19.根据空前“Small pieces f plastic have been fund in mre than 100 marine species, including fish, shrimp, and sme seashells. In many cases, these tiny bits pass thrugh their stmachs.”在包括鱼、虾和一些贝壳在内的100多种海洋物种中发现了小塑料碎片。在很多情况下，这些微小的物质会通过它们的胃；以及空后“Stmachs s packed with plastic reduce the urge t eat, making them die eventually.“塞满塑料的胃会减少吃东西的欲望，最终导致它们死亡。可知，后文提到动物的胃部塞满了塑料，可见塑料的碎片会堵塞他们的器官。D. Sme pieces have even been fund blcking their rgans.“一些碎片甚至被发现阻塞了他们的器官”符合语境，故选D。
20.根据空前“Frtunately, slutins are being fund. Many scientists agree the tp pririty is t prevent plastic waste frm entering rivers and seas.”幸运的是，已经找到了解决方案。许多科学家一致认为，当务之急是防止塑料垃圾进入河流和海洋；以及空后“Better prduct design als shuld be taken int accunt, as well as the reductin in prducing unnecessary single-use plastic prducts.“更好的产品设计也应考虑在内，以及减少生产不必要的一次性塑料产品)”可知，上文提到了解决塑料污染问题的解决方案，故本句应承接上文说明防止塑料垃圾进入河流和海洋的具体方法：可以通过改善废物管理系统和回收来实现。F. It culd be dne with imprved waste management systems and recycling.“这可以通过改善废物管理系统和回收来实现”符合语境，故选F。
三、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
【答案】 21.C；22.B；23.A；24.B；25.D；26.A；27.B；28.C；29.D；30.B；31.D；32.A；33.A；34.C；35.B；
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个六岁小女孩Eilidh在她家车库的门上画了可以传达希望的信息后，在她的社区出名了。她的画引起了人们的注意，一个仰慕她的粉丝俱乐部开始在他们家门口放几盒巧克力。她的母亲也为她自豪。
【点评】考查完型填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21.句意：已经是两个孩子妈妈的Christine让她6岁的女儿Eilidh用粉笔把车库门变成了一件色彩斑斓的艺术品。A. frmal”正式的“；B. useful”有用的“；C. clrful”多彩的“；D. neat”整洁的“。根据下文“the space with mermaids, dlphins, Spiderman, and dinsaurs”可知Eilidh用粉笔画了各种各样的动物，所以是把车库门变成了一件色彩斑斓的艺术品。故选C。
22.句意：自2020年4月以来，Eilidh每周两次让她的想象力驰骋，在整个空间中画满美人鱼、海豚、蜘蛛侠和恐龙。A. strange”奇怪的“；B. wild”野生的“；C. mad”疯的“；D. funny”有趣的“。根据上文“Eilidh has let her imaginatin run”指发挥想象力，让她的想象力驰骋。故选B。
23.句意：本周，她用彩虹、鲜花和一些鼓舞人心的话语为它做了插图。A. illustrated”说明“；B. cleaned”清理“；C. repaired”修理“；D. perfrmed”表演“。根据下文“it with a rainbw, flwers, and sme”可知用用彩虹、鲜花和一些鼓舞人心的话语为它做了插图。故选A。
24.句意：本周，她用彩虹、鲜花和一些鼓舞人心的话语为它做了插图。A. lucky”幸运的“；B. encuraging”鼓励的“；C. awful”糟糕的“；D. careful”仔细的“。根据上文“drawing messages f hpe”以及下文提到她的画让人们开心，可知她用一些鼓舞人心的话语来做了插图。故选B。
25.句意：Eilidh有一个小木椅，她可以站在上面，帮助她爬得更高，她的艺术家妈妈帮她拿她需要的东西。A. extend”延伸“；B. hld”持有“；C. climb”攀登“；D. reach”到达“。根据下文“higher up”可知用椅子来到达更高的地方，故选D。
26.句意：Eilidh有一个小木椅，她可以站在上面，帮助她爬得更高，她的艺术家妈妈帮她拿她需要的东西。A. a hand”一只手“；B. a lift”举起“；C. a smile”微笑“；D. a wrd”单词“。give sb. a hand固定短语，“帮助某人”。故选A。
27.句意：她的画引起了人们的注意，一个仰慕她的粉丝俱乐部开始在他们家门口放几盒巧克力。A. assistance”援助“；B. attentin”注意力"；C. discvery"发现"；D. impressin“印象”。根据下文“an admiring fan club has begun leaving bxes f chclates n their drstep”可知Eilidh的画引起了人们的注意，甚至有人来送巧克力。故选B。
28.句意：自豪的妈妈Christine说：“她脑海中出现的任何东西，她都会生动地描绘出来。”A. Ambitius“有抱负的”；B. Frtunate“幸运的”；C. Prud“骄傲的”；D. Puzzled“困惑的”。根据上文可知Eilidh的画引起了人们的注意，因此Christine作为妈妈肯定是感到自豪。故选C。
29.句意：自豪的妈妈Christine说：“她脑海中出现的任何东西，她都会生动地描绘出来。”A. reasnably“合理地”；B. cautiusly“谨慎地”；C. amusingly“有趣地”；D. vividly“生动地”。根据上文“Whatever cmes int her head she draws it”以及上文描述Eilidh的画丰富多彩，可知Eilidh能够生动地描述自己所想。故选D。
30.句意：它可能是随机的。A. reliable“可靠的”；B. randm“随机的”；C. interesting“有趣的”；D. surprising“惊人的”。根据下文“It depends n what is happening arund her.”可知Eilidh是随机作画的，根据身边发生的事情所变化。故选B。
31.句意：她在外面画画只是为了让人们高兴。A. devted“献身的”；B. ccupied“忙碌的”；C. curius“好奇的”；D. happy“快乐的”。根据上文“She is just drawing utside t make peple”以及她写一些鼓励人的话，可知她在外面画画只是为了让人们高兴。故选D。
32.句意：Christine打扫车库时已经用坏了一把扫帚。A. wrn ut“磨损，疲惫”；B. tried ut“尝试”；C. brught in“引进”；D. given away“分发”。根据下文“ne brm by cleaning the garage”指打扫车库用坏了一把扫帚，wear ut固定短语，“磨损”，故选A。
33.句意：下雨的时候，粉笔被冲走了，在下一个干燥的日子Eilidh又耐心地开始了。A. with patience“耐心地”；B. in surprise“惊奇地”；C. ut f curisity“出于好奇”；D. fr leisure“休闲”。根据上文“When it rains, the chalk is washed away, and Eilidh starts again”可知尽管下雨冲走了粉笔，但在下一个干燥的日子Eilidh又耐心地开始了创作。故选A。
34.句意：随着英国的封锁解除，Eilidh现在很喜欢回到学校。A. hme“家”；B. neighbrhd“邻居”；C. schl“学校”；D. wrk“工作”。根据下文“as lckdwn in Britain eases”可知封锁解除，Eilidh回到了学校。故选C。
35.句意：有一件事是肯定的——这个小女孩在艺术课上无疑是出类拔萃的。A. language“语言”；B. art“艺术”；C. science“科学”；D. physics“物理”。呼应上文“art prject with chalk” Eilidh有绘画天赋，所以在艺术课上无疑是出类拔萃的。故选B。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
【答案】 published；cnclusin；and；easily；cheaper；t reduce / f reducing；which；an；said；with / t
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，电动汽车比汽油动力汽车更适合气候变化，但许多美国人仍然犹豫是否要购买它们。一个原因是: 较大的前期成本。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，名词，连词，副词，时态，形容词，定语从句，冠词，时态，介词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36.句意：周四发布的最新数据显示，尽管电动汽车的标价较高，但从长远来看，电动汽车实际上可能为驾驶者省钱。此空作后置定语修饰句子主语new data，动词publish与句子主语为动宾关系，所以要用过去分词。故填published。
37.句意：为了得出这个结论，麻省理工学院的一个研究小组计算了市场上几乎所有新车型的二氧化碳排放量，包括购买价格、维护费用和燃料费用。reach the cnclusin，固定短语，“得出结论”，故填cnclusin。
，固定短语，“两者都”，结合bth the carbn dixide emissins，可知空白处要用and。故填and。
39.句意：他们发现电动汽车比燃气汽车更环保。根据设空后形容词mre climate friendly，可知此处要用副词来修饰形容词。故填easily。
40.句意：一生中，它们通常也更便宜。根据上文的mre climate friendly及下文的t，可知此处和上文的内容为并列关系，所以也要用比较级。故填cheaper。
41.句意：气候科学家说，汽车电气化是减少温室气体排放的最佳途径之一。way t d sth./way f ding sth.，固定短语，“……的方法”，结合设空前the best ways,故填t reduce/f reducing。
42.句意：在美国，交通部门是最大的排放源，大部分来自汽车和卡车。mst f cme frm cars and trucks在句中为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“emissins”，此处指“多数的排放源”，结合mst f可知，本句中使用了“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，所以用关系代词which。故填which。
43.句意：麻省理工学院能源研究副教授杰西卡 · 特兰西克领导了这项研究，他说，这些数据将“帮助人们了解这些前期成本是如何在汽车使用寿命中分摊的。”分析可知，杰西卡 · 特兰西克为第一次提到，表示泛指关系。assciate的首个音素为元音音素，所以要用不定冠词an。故填an。
44.分析可知，设空处在句中为谓语，根据前文中的led可知，此处要用一般过去时。故填said。
45.句意：对于电动汽车，随着时间的推移,相比汽油价格,较低的维护和充电成本往往可以抵消较高的前期价格。cmpare t/with，固定短语，“与……相比”，故填with / t。
五、写作（共两节，满分40分）
46.【答案】 暂未更新
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份给你校外国留学生写一个通知，写作背景：你校将在端午节期间组织一次去敬老院的志愿者活动。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1） 活动时间、地点；2） 活动内容。要求考生根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），并进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。最后连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点评】本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
47.【答案】 暂未更新
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了理发师Hussein在好心人的帮助下得以找到新的门面,继续理发和照顾流浪猫的故事。段落续写：续写第一段开头为：Lila 在她的网站上发布了Hussein 的故事。...…后面应该写看到信息后人们的反应。续写第二段开头为：不到一个月，侯赛因就在他的新店里又营业了。...…后面应该写他继续理发和照顾流浪猫。 写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。特别注意在选择句式时要富有变化。
【点评】本题是一篇记叙文写作，要求考生通读全文，把握文本的脉络和串起文本的关键词，根据所给的两段段首句续写故事的高潮部分和最后的结局部分。在谋篇布局时，必须要注意文中事件发生的逻辑性，故事的发展必须符合情节内在的逻辑。写作手法上应以叙述为主，描写上倾向于心理活动、动作描写，情节的发展要合乎逻辑地推进。21. A. frmal
B. useful
C. clrful
D. neat
22. A. strange
B. wild
C. mad
D. funny
23. A. illustrated
B. cleaned
C. repaired
D. perfrmed
24. A. lucky
B. encuraging
C. awful
D. careful
25. A. extend
B. hld
C. climb
D. reach
26. A. a hand
B. a lift
C. a smile
D. a wrd
27. A. assistance
B. attentin
C. discvery
D. impressin
28. A. Ambitius
B. Frtunate
C. Prud
D. Puzzled
29. A. reasnably
B. cautiusly
C. amusingly
D. vividly
30. A. reliable
B. randm
C. interesting
D. surprising
31. A. devted
B. ccupied
C. curius
D. happy
32. A. wrn ut
B. tried ut
C. brught in
D. given away
33. A. with patience
B. in surprise
C. ut f curisity
D. fr leisure
34. A. hme
B. neighbrhd
C. schl
D. wrk
35. A. language
B. art
C. science
D. physics