高考英语一轮复习课时提升作业二十三选修8Unit23Conflict含解析

这是一份高考英语一轮复习课时提升作业二十三选修8Unit23Conflict含解析，共15页。试卷主要包含了 【解析】driving等内容，欢迎下载使用。
二十三　选修8　 Unit 23　 Conflict   Ⅰ阅读理解A　　A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station on Thursday had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire. It was the latest in a recent series of failures for the Russian space program,  which is also used by the U. S. to carry its astronauts to the station. 　　United States astronaut Nick Hague and Russian astronaut Alexei Ovchinin landed safely about 20 kilometers from Dzhezkazgan in Kazakhstan. The city is about 450 kilometers from the Russia’s Baikonur space center, which Russia operates through an agreement with the Republic of Kazakhstan. 　　Both the U. S. space agency NASA and Russia’s Roscosmos reported that the two were quickly recovered from the landing area by rescue crews. A spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin said, “Thank goodness the crew is alive” after they had landed safely. 　　About two minutes after launching, the three-stage Soyuz booster rocket suffered an unspecified failure of its second stage. Russia’s TASS news agency said the capsule carrying the two men separated from the troubled rocket safely. This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into the Earth’s atmosphere. Parachutes(降落伞) helped slow the returning capsule. Search and rescue teams were sent to recover the crew. 　　Russia’s RIA news agency reported that Russia has immediately put off all manned space launches after the failure. Roscosmos head Dmitry Rogozin said he had ordered a state commission to carry out an investigation into what went wrong. He said Russia will share all relevant information with the U. S. 　　The TASS news agency said that the ISS crew has enough supplies and that the failed launch will not affect operations. 　　The U. S. and other nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the ISS since the retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011. In coming years,  American aerospace companies SpaceX, with its Dragon 2, and Boeing, with its Starliner, are expected to return to space. 【文章大意】 本文属于新闻, 讲述运送宇航员到国际空间站的一枚俄罗斯火箭由于发动机故障紧急降落, 所幸无人死亡。1. What caused the failure of the launch? A. The problem of the engine. B. The terrible weather. C. The drop of the capsule. D. The wrong operation. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的About two minutes after launching, the three-stage Soyuz booster rocket suffered an unspecified failure of its second stage. 可知, 发射两分钟之后, 三级火箭发动机遇到不明故障, 导致发射失败, 故选A。2. What can we learn about the launch? A. The capsule landed safely in Dzhezkazgan, Russia. B. Russia had never failed in the space launch before this failure. C. The failed launch will have a serious effect on the operations. D. At first the capsule dropped very rapidly into the Earth’s atmosphere. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中的This caused the capsule to drop very sharply into the Earth’s atmosphere. Parachutes helped slow the returning capsule. 可知, 太空舱迅速掉入地球大气层, 降落伞减缓了太空舱的降落速度, 故选D。3. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A. SpaceX is sure to go back to space soon. B. America carried astronauts to the ISS by itself before 2011. C. Now only Russia can carry astronauts to space. D. The ISS crew lives a very good life in the space station. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The U. S. and other nations have depended on Russia to carry astronauts to the ISS since the retirement of the Space Shuttle program in 2011. 可知, 自从2011年美国航天飞机退役, 美国以及其他国家必须依靠俄罗斯火箭运送宇航员到国际空间站, 故可以得知, 2011年以前, 美国利用自己的航天飞机运送宇航员, 故选B。4. What can be the best title for the text? A. The Rescue of Two AstronautsB. The Launch of Russian SpacecraftC. Cooperation between Russia and AmericaD. Emergency Landing in Failed Space Launch【解析】选D。主旨大意题。本文属于新闻, 根据新闻特点, 第一段第一句A Russian spacecraft traveling to the International Space Station on Thursday had to make an emergency landing when a rocket engine failed to fire. 为本文的主旨句, 讲述运送宇航员到国际空间站的一枚俄罗斯火箭由于发动机故障紧急降落, 故选D。B(2021·开封模拟)　　The Little Baby Face Foundation (LBFF) is a NYC-based nonprofit organization with a great deal of controversy. Founded in 2002,  it provides free plastic surgery for children born with facial deformities(畸形). Many teenagers who have been teased for their looks are now applying to have their problem areas “fixed” by LBFF. 　　Nadia,  one 14-year-old teenager,  had her face greatly changed in June when she went under the knife. Her classmates had been constantly making fun of her appearance. “They said I have the biggest ears that they’ve ever seen. They called me elephant ears, ” Nadia said. Those comments hurt her a lot. She even considered how to end her own life. 　　But Nadia tried to keep the bullying a secret from her mother,  Lynda. Her mother was already dealing with mounting medical bills for her 9-year-old son,  Josh,  who had a serious brain disease. When her mother did finally find out about the bullying,  she was heartbroken. 　　Nadia decided to end her bullying problems with plastic surgery. Then her mother turned to the LBFF,  which accepted Nadia’s application. The surgeries were very painful and it took months for her face to heal,  but she did manage to return to school with a new face,  a face she was finally proud of. 　　Nadia’s surgery may have helped her overcome her emotional pain,  but should teenagers go to those extremes just because they are being bullied? 　　Experts warn if the deformities are not really a problem to the child,  plastic surgery is not the answer!  In fact,  when a teen decides to get plastic surgery because he or she is being bullied,  it can send the wrong message. By surgically changing the victim of a bully,  it is as if you support the bullying and agree the victim is in fact worthy of all those names he or she has been called. It is like saying to teenagers:  “Yes,  there is something wrong with you,  and you should get it fixed! ”【文章大意】文章围绕女生 Nadia 的故事讨论了一个有争议的问题: 整形手术是否是解决校园欺凌问题的办法呢?  5. What did Nadia think of her school life in the past? A. Busy. 　　　　　　　 B. Exciting. C. Miserable.      D. Ordinary. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第二段中的 Her classmates had been constantly making fun of her appearance 及 Those comments hurt her a lot. She even considered how to end her own life 可知, 过去的校园生活对 Nadia 来说非常痛苦。6. Why did Nadia keep the secret from her mother? A. Her mother had heart disease. B. She didn’t want to burden her. C. Her mother was afraid of being bullied. D. She didn’t know how to share it with her. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第三段中的 Her mother was already dealing with mounting medical bills for her 9-year-old son,  Josh,  who had a serious brain disease 可知,  Nadia 没把受欺凌的事告诉妈妈是因为怕给妈妈增加负担。7. Why does the author say plastic surgery can send the wrong message? A. It may let bullies feel they are right. B. It may become popular among teens. C. It may damage the name of the LBFF. D. It may change victims into bullies. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。由最后一段中的 By surgically changing the victim of a bully,  it is as if you support the bullying and agree the victim is in fact worthy of all those names he or she has been called 可知, 作者认为整形手术可能会让欺凌者认为他们是对的。 8. What would be the best title for the text? A. Why many teenagers are being teased? B. Is plastic surgery the answer to bullying? C. Why surgery helps overcome emotional pain? D. Should we pay more attention to appearance? 【解析】选B。标题归纳题。本文围绕面部畸形的女生 Nadia 做整形手术的故事, 讨论了一个有争议的问题: 整形手术是否是解决校园欺凌问题的办法, 故B项作标题能更好地概括全文主旨。Ⅱ. 阅读填句　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Four ways to be a great roommate　　Having a roommate can be one of the best experiences in a boarding school or,  easily,  one of the worst. 　1　 Follow these tips to avoid the common mistakes that turn good roommate relationships sour.  Talk things out. 　　Communication is key. If something happens,  sit down with your roommate and have a face-to-face conversation. I’ve seen roommate relationships fall apart because something happens and,  instead of talking to each other,  the two start complaining about their roommates behind their backs.  　2　  Don’t expect to be best friends. 　　Some roommates become the best of friends,  and some don’t. Don’t put pressure on yourself or your roommate,  especially when you first meet.  　3　 And if your roommate doesn’t end up being your best friend,  don’t worry.  Ask before you take. 　　This applies to food,  clothes and anything else. If you want to keep a relationship going,  show your roommate that you have respect for what is his or hers by asking first.  　4　 Clean up after yourself. 　　This should go without saying. Don’t be lazy. Or,  at least,  don’t bury your roommate in your clothes and garbage. Most people I’ve come across in a boarding school are messy.  　5　 But being considerate with where you put your stuff will help you avoid conflict.  A. So you need to think twice before you help your roommate out. B. This creates nothing but awkward situations and unhappiness. C. Even if you both agree to share everything,  you should still ask. D. You don’t have to clean your room and keep it organized all the time. E. It all starts with you to have a good relationship with your roommate. F. Sometimes you get stuck with someone who has tons of negative (消极的) energy. G. Remember, you’re trying to make a new friend,  not to frighten your roommate away. 【文章大意】成为好室友的四种方法。1. 【解析】选E。根据第一句可知, 与室友保持良好的关系是从你开始的。故选E。2. 【解析】选B。根据the two start complaining about their roommates behind their backs两人开始在背后抱怨室友, 可知选B, 抱怨只会造成尴尬和不快。3. 【解析】选G。上句提到初次见面, 所以记住, 你是想交个新朋友, 而不是吓跑你的室友。故选G。4. 【解析】选C。根据上句你要尊重他或她的东西, 首先要问。故选C。5. 【解析】选D。上句提到 “messy”, 所以你不必一直打扫你的房间, 让它井井有条。故选D。Ⅲ. 语法填空　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。　　In recent years,  self-drive tourism(自驾车旅游) has become people’s 1. __________ (prefer) in travelling during holidays. The reasons why more and more people choose it 2. __________(be) as follows. Firstly,  the traditional Chinese festivals,  such as the Mid-Autumn Festival, 3. __________(set) as official holidays, 4. __________ provides people with more chances to travel together with their family and friends. 5. __________(second), the rapid development of road construction and the 6. __________(increase) number of people owning private cars make self-drive tourism boom (繁荣). Thirdly, 7. __________(compare) with traditional tourism,  travelling by self-driving enables people to get closer to nature and 8. __________(give) them more freedom in the tour.  　　Since people have to drive all the way during the tour,  they have to pay special attention 9. __________ the safety problem and avoid 10. __________ (drive) when exhausted.  1. 【解析】preference。考查派生词。所填词在句中作表语, 前面有people’s, 故填名词preference。2. 【解析】 are。考查主谓一致。主语是复数形式, 故填are。3. 【解析】are set。考查动词时态和语态。festivals与set之间为被动关系, 且描述的是一般事实, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。4. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句, 指代前面整句话的内容。5. 【解析】Secondly。考查副词。本空填Secondly“第二”, 与前面的Firstly “首先”呼应。6. 【解析】increasing。考查形容词。所填词在句中作定语修饰名词number, increasing“日益增多的”。7. 【解析】compared。考查非谓语动词。compare与其逻辑主语traveling by self-driving之间为被动关系, 故用过去分词compared。8. 【解析】gives。考查时态。该空所填词与enables并列作谓语, 应填gives。9. 【解析】to。考查固定搭配。pay attention to “注意”。10. 【解析】driving。考查非谓语动词。根据avoid doing sth. “避免做某事”的用法可知该空填driving。   Ⅰ. 阅读理解    For some people, walking or running outdoors is a great way to work out. What may not be so pleasant is seeing trash all over the ground. Well,  some people are doing something about it. They are plogging! 　　“Plogging” began in Sweden. The name combines the Swedish word “plocka”, which means to pick up,  and the word “jogging”, which means to run slowly. A Swedish man named Erik,  started the movement in 2016. On the World Environment Day website, Erik says that he moved to Stockholm from a small community in northern Sweden and each day he would ride his bike to work. Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work, he took matters into his own hands.  　　Plogging, by that term, may have officially begun in Sweden. But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years. Take Jeff Horowitz for example. He is a personal trainer in Washington, D. C. He often picks up trash while running outside. He even has turned it into a game;  he will try to pick up the trash without stopping. “I didn’t know it was a thing really. This is just my personal ethics (道德标准), where I go for a run and if I happen to see a piece of garbage lying around and it’s within reach—it is a kind of a little test for me to see if I can grab it and throw it in a near trash can without stopping. And that way,  I think,  it gives me a little exercise and a little focus for my run. And it helps clean up the neighborhood, ” he announced. 　　Today,  plogging is an official activity,  one that is becoming increasingly popular. Cities around the world now hold plogging events,  “I would just hope people would think twice before dropping a garbage on the ground. We have containers. . . seems on every block. So,  it’s easy to put your garbage in the trash cans. I just think people should think about it a little bit more. I do hope one day there will not be a need for plogging. ” said an interviewee. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。Plogging拾荒慢跑是全球正在流行的健身方式, 不仅让你的锻炼更高效, 而且有助于美化身边的环境, 保持环境清洁。1. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “took matters into his own hands”? A. called on people to join himB. appealed to people to go greenC. began to pick up the trashD. had the collected trash recycled【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据上文Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw each day on his way to work可知, 上班路上那些大量的垃圾让他感到担心, 因此可推测下文应该是他开始捡这些垃圾。故划线部分的意思为“开始捡垃圾”。故选C。2. Like Jeff Horowitz, plogging to many people has become a(n) ______act.  A. automatic　　　　　　　 B. irresistibleC. arbitrary      D. temporary【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段This is just my personal ethics可知, Jeff Horowitz拾荒慢跑只是出于个人的道德标准, 即是自发性的, 因此可推理, 和Jeff Horowitz一样, 拾荒慢跑对于很多人来说已经成为了一种自发行为。故选A。3. What is the idea that plogging events are meant to promote? A. Jogging is truly beneficial. B. Trash cans should be within reach. C. Littering is not acceptable. D. Communities should be kept clean. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段I would just hope people would think twice before dropping a garbage on the ground可知, 举办这些活动的目的是希望人们在往地上扔垃圾前三思。即拾荒慢跑旨在推广乱丢垃圾是不可接受的这一观念, 故选C。4. What can be a suitable title for the passage? A. New Exercise Enjoys Unbelievable PopularityB. New Exercise Trend Also Helps EnvironmentC. Plogging—A Fashionable Way to Clear WasteD. Plogging—An Exercise Originating in Sweden【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句Today, plogging is an official activity, one that is becoming increasingly popular可知, 如今, 拾荒慢跑已成为一项官方活动, 而且越来越受欢迎。结合文章主要内容可知, 拾荒慢跑这种新的运动趋势不仅能使锻炼更高效, 同时有助于保护环境。故选B。Ⅱ. 完形填空　　It’s always been a dream for Alex to take a trip with her mother, but it was a death in the family that 　1　 made them both realize how precious life really is.  　　“After losing my grandma, I 　2　 that neither I nor my mum will 　3　 be here, and that I can’t 　4　 the right time to come, ” the 27-year-old girl told The Huffington Post.  　　“After a week of 　5　, my amazing mum and I are off to travel around the United States. We will be travelling from New York to Los Angeles interviewing 　6　 who are changing the world for the better and 　7　 the dream I had for a very long time: to travel together with my mother. I have taken a month off work and we are on our way. 　8　 are waiting! ” Alex said.  　　So in August, Alex and her 63-year-old retired mother, Halina, traveled to the United States for a three-week 　9　 that took them from coast to coast.  　　Alex is the 　10　 of Looking For Heroes, a social media project, in which she photographs many of the interesting people she meets with,  　11　 unique tidbits (花边新闻) of their life stories at the same time. The 　12　 mother and daughter traveled across the nation, visiting cities 　13　 Knoxville, Tennessee, New York City, Los Angeles and Washington. Along the way they took photos 　14　 famous backdrops (背景) in each city, making some 　15　 memories.  　　Meanwhile, Alex 　16　 much from her mother. Her mother often said “My 　17　 to young people would be to learn new things, and what you have learned will be your biggest 　18　 in life. With age you stop 　19　 about things that don’t matter. With your priorities (优先) changing,  　20　 and health become the most important. ”  【文章大意】Alex是Looking For Heroes的编辑, 和妈妈一起去美国旅游采访, 一路上她们以每个城市的著名景点为背景拍照, 留下了难忘的记忆。她妈妈对年轻人的建议是要学习新事物, 你所学到的将是你一生中最大的财富。1. A. finally　 B. simply　 C. mildly　 D. secretly【解析】选A。一名家庭成员的去世最终(finally)让她们俩都意识到生命真的很宝贵。2. A. promised    B. realizedC. guessed     D. hoped【解析】选B。这里表示Alex在祖母去世之后的感悟。3. A. thus  B. even C. ever  D. forever【解析】选D。失去祖母之后, 我意识到我和我妈妈都不会永远(forever)在这里。4. A. think of    B. put asideC. wait for     D. give away【解析】选C。wait for等待。此处表示我们不能等着这个时候的到来。5. A. preparation   B. workC. consideration   D. rest【解析】选A。根据句意可知是准备了一周之后。preparation准备, 符合语境。6. A. friends   B. relativesC. reporters   D. influencers【解析】选D。influencers影响者。我们将从纽约到洛杉矶采访那些让世界变得更好的影响者。7. A. connecting  B. describingC. achieving   D. imagining【解析】选C。achieve实现, 取得。achieve one’s /the dream 实现某人的梦想, 是固定搭配。8. A. Troubles  B. Dreams  C. Results  D. Dangers【解析】选B。根据前文可知, 和妈妈一起去旅行的梦想正等着我们。故选B。9. A. adventure  B. campaignC. business   D. gathering【解析】选A。adventure冒险。句意: Alex和她63岁的妈妈到美国旅行, 进行了三周的冒险。10. A. actress  B. model  C. editor  D. student【解析】选C。根据后文可知Alex是Looking For Heroes的编辑(editor)。11. A. inventing  B. sharingC. preparing   D. hearing【解析】选B。句意: Alex是Looking For Heroes的编辑, 她拍摄遇到的有趣的人, 同时分享(share)他们生活故事中的独家花边新闻。故选B。12. A. frightened  B. amusedC. astonished   D. excited【解析】选D。根据下文可知妈妈感到兴奋(excited)。13. A. including  B. arrangingC. containing   D. expecting【解析】选A。此处表示游览的城市包括(including)Knoxville, Tennessee, New York City, Los Angeles和Washington。故选A。14. A. into  B. above  C. against  D. from【解析】选C。句意: 一路上她们以每个城市的著名景点为背景拍照, 留下难忘的记忆。against以……为背景, 故选C。15. A. unbelievable  B. unforgettableC. unbearable    D. unthinkable【解析】选B。unforgettable难忘的。此处表示她们通过拍照片留下难忘的记忆。16. A. received   B. savedC. separated    D. learned【解析】选D。句意: 与此同时, Alex从她妈妈那里学到了很多。故选D。17. A. position    B. exampleC. advice     D. experience【解析】选C。根据下文中的“to learn new things. . . ”可知, 此处表示建议。18. A. goal  B. wealth  C. success  D. change【解析】选B。句意: 我对年轻人的建议是要学习新事物, 你所学到的将是你一生中最大的财富(wealth)。19. A. talking  B. bringing C. setting  D. worrying【解析】选D。随着年龄的增长, 你会不再担忧(worry)不重要的事情。故选D。20. A. family  B. identity  C. beauty  D. job【解析】选A。此处表示随着你对待事物优先次序的改变, 家庭(family)和健康会变成最重要的。Ⅲ. 短文改错(2021·广州模拟)　　Last week,  I quarrel with my parents about spending too much time on my cellphone. I felt exhausting that day,  and became very angry even though they talked to me in a friend way. 　　I now feel ashamed and am writing with this article to apologise. There are people in the world I value,  such as teacher and friends. Also,  the most precious people to me is my parents. It is them who raised me and gave me happy life. I want them to know that I’m deep sorry and will try to be a good person and make them proud. 答案: 1. 【解析】第一句quarrel改为quarreled。考查时态。上周, 用过去时。2. 【解析】第二句exhausting改为exhausted。exhausted意为“疲惫的”, exhausting 令人疲惫的。3. 【解析】第二句friend改为friendly。in a friendly way 以友好的方式。4. 【解析】第三句去掉with。write 是及物动词, 后面不跟介词。5. 【解析】第四句teacher改为teachers。考查名词。teacher是可数名词。6. 【解析】第五句Also改为However。此处表示转折关系。7. 【解析】第五句is改为are。考查主谓一致。8. 【解析】第六句them改为they。考查强调句。对主语的强调用主格。9. 【解析】第六句在gave me后添加a, 表示一个快乐的生活。10. 【解析】第七句deep改为deeply。副词修饰形容词sorry。Ⅳ. 书面表达　　假设你是李华, 在一家网店购买了一件毛衣,  昨天收到后发现毛衣后背有个小洞, 你给卖家打了几次服务电话,  对方电话却一直占线。你也给客服发短信, 无人回复。请你给卖家Miss Smith写一封投诉信。要点如下: 　　1. 要求对方换一件新的毛衣或退款; 　　2. 询问对方如何返还已经收到的毛衣; 　　3. 期待对方尽快回复。　　注意: 　　1. 词数100左右; 　　2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; 　　3. 开头和结尾已给出, 但不计入总词数。Dear Miss Smith, 　　I am delighted to tell you that ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　　I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully, Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Miss Smith, 　　I am delighted to tell you that the sweater I bought from your store through the Internet arrived on time yesterday. But when checking it,  I found a small hole on the back. I wonder why you didn’t notice it when you delivered the sweater to me. I have dialed your service telephone number a few times,  only to be repeatedly told that it was busy. I also text the Customer service,  but there is no reply. 　　This problem really makes me annoyed. Could you change a new one for me or return my money as soon as possible?  By the way,  how shall I send this sweater back to you? 　　I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully, Li Hua