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最新中考英语 中考题型解题指导第一节 语法选择课件PPT
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这是一份最新中考英语 中考题型解题指导第一节 语法选择课件PPT，共50页。PPT课件主要包含了目录导航 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
“完形填空”侧重考查考生对文章内容的理解和所选单词的意义的区别,而“语法选择”则主要考查语法在篇章里的应用,侧重语法知识的考查,即某个单词的不同形式。“语法选择”的主要考点分布:冠词、名词的单复数、动词时态和语态、形容词和副词及其比较等级、代词、连词、介词、非谓语动词、同根词、定语从句、状语从句和宾语从句等。
二、命题规律( 以近三年广州市中考英语“语法选择”为例 )( 注意:广州市中考英语的“语法选择”有15个空,广东省卷中考英语的“语法选择”只有10个空。 )
2017~2019年广州中考英语语法选择考点分析
三、复习方法1.复习《义务教育英语课程标准》( 2011年版 )中的各个语法点并能掌握和熟练运用各语法点的基本结构和基本规则。2.平时多积累,多阅读文章或对话,领悟文章、对话中句子与句子之间的关系,把握段落之间的关系,并理解整篇文章、对话的大致内容以及上下文逻辑关系,不断形成英语的语感,这样做起题目来会更加得心应手。3.加强练习,从中发现并掌握该类题目的规律,对自己不熟悉的、容易错的语法知识抓紧时间查漏补缺。训练自己的逻辑思维,并提高做题的准确性。
1.快速通读全文,掌握短文主旨。通篇浏览短文,掌握文中时间、地点、人物以及事件等关键信息。特别要注意认真阅读短文的开头句,一般不设置空格,为考生提供某种语境或提供主题信息。通读全文时,不要拘泥于一词一义的理解,对个别不认识的单词、短语,只要不影响理解全文就可以不管它。
2.识别短语、句型,注意固定搭配。语法选择的短文中一定会出现一些常用的固定搭配或句型。如动词短语:laugh at,take care f,give up,agree with等;介词短语:in surprise,at the age f等;句型:it is…fr sb.t d sth.,it takes sb.sme time t d sth.等。同学们平时注意常用短语和句型的整体记忆,掌握它们的搭配规律,做题时就能得心应手,减少失误,提高准确率。
3.运用语法规则,理顺搭配关系。语法知识是指导解答该题的法宝,因为词汇要根据语法规则确定各自的位置。有了语法规则,文章才能有条不紊,顺理成章。如介词后面的代词一定用宾格,物质名词一般不用复数( 大部分是不可数名词 ),修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面,情态动词后面用动词原形,非谓语动词的考查,定语从句的考查等。考生在答题时,首先要注意所选的答案填入空白处后,整个句子的语法结构( 语气、语态、时态 )是否合理;其次,看语义是否通顺,上下文是否连贯。
4.遇到难题,反复默念。有时会遇到难选的题目,如果时间允许,不要轻易放弃,可先从语法角度考虑,再从逻辑角度考虑隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。有时句子好像什么也不缺,读上去很完整,很可能缺的就是连词and,副词then,always,smetimes,never,ften,hardly等,但要注意把这些词代进去,看哪个意思符合。如果还未选出,应反复默念几遍,这时有些词就会悄然而至,从你的记忆中浮现出来。
5.细心检查,避免疏漏。选项填完后,再次通读短文,从整体上检查短文的结构、语义以及逻辑意义是否一致,上下文衔接是否合理。
The first astrnautsSince the earliest times, peple have lked up at the stars, the mn and the planets.Tday peple use mdern machines 1 at the sky.This is very different frm the situatin 2 years ag when peple culd nly use their eyes.Perhaps they dreamed f 3 the universe. When did humans first g int space? The stry began nt s very lng ag, 4 the first astrnauts were nt peple—they were animals. Scientists wanted t make travelling t space as 5 as pssible fr humans.S they decided t experiment with animals and test 6 in spaceflights.Insects, mice, frgs, dgs and mnkeys were sme f the animals 7 first went int space.Many f them 8 , but they helped t make space travel safer fr humans.Fr their great service, we 9 frget these animals. AlbertⅡ was the first mnkey t g int space in 1949.Sadly he died 10 his spaceship landed back n Earth. 11 the result was different fr Ham the Mnkey.His stry ended happily when he returned t Earth 12 very gd health. Scientists wanted t knw the answer t the imprtant questin: culd 13 animal like Ham d the same things in space as he culd d n Earth? The answer came when Ham 14 int space in 1961.Yes, he did everything well and lived fr 15 16 years.
( B )B.t lkC.lkingD.lked
考查非谓语动词中的动词不定式。句意:现在人们使用现代的机器来看天空。lk“看”,动词原形;t lk动词不定式;lking动名词形式;lked是动词过去式或过去分词形式。根据句意可知,空后表示use mdern machines的目的,“为了看天空”,故应用动词不定式,选B。
( D ) B.thusands C.thusand fD.thusands f
考查数词。句意:这与几千年前的情况不同,那时人们只能用肉眼观察天空。thusand“千”,数量单位;thusands复数形式;thusand f形式错误;thusands f“成千上万的”,固定短语。根据句意和空后的years可知,这个空修饰后面的名词,故应选D。
( D ) B.t explre C.explredD.explring
考查非谓语动词中的动名词。句意:也许他们梦想着探索宇宙。explre“探索”,动词原形;t explre动词不定式;explred是动词过去式或过去分词;explring动名词形式。句中使用了短语dream f,意为“梦想……”,后接名词或动名词形式。故应选D。
( A )B.rC.butD.s
考查连词。句意:这个故事发生在不久前,因为第一批宇航员不是人——它们是动物。as“因为,作为,当……时候”;r“或者,否则”;but“但是”;s“因此,所以”。根据句意可知,空后这句话解释前面“The stry began nt very lng ag”,故用as引导原因状语从句,选A。
( A )B.safer C.safest D.the safest
考查形容词比较等级。句意:科学家们想要使人们的太空旅行尽可能地安全。safe“安全的”,形容词;safer“更安全的”,形容词比较级;safest“最安全的”,形容词最高级;the safest最高级。句中使用了短语as…as pssible“尽可能……”,两个as之间用形容词的原级,故选A。
( B )B.them C.their D.theirs
考查代词。句意:所以他们决定用动物做实验,并在太空飞行中对它们进行测试。they“他们,它们”,人称代词的主格形式;them“他们,它们”,人称代词的宾格形式;their“他们的,它们的”,形容词性物主代词;theirs名词性物主代词。根据句子结构可知,空前test是动词,该空是它的宾语,故应用宾格形式,选B。
( C )B.what C.thatD.whse
考查定语从句的关系词。句意:昆虫、老鼠、青蛙、狗和猴子是最早进入太空的一些动物。whm可作关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语;what“什么”,不能引导定语从句;that可作关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词可以为人,也可以为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;whse“某人的”,引导定语从句,在从句中作定语。根据句子结构可知,空后是一个定语从句,修饰先行词sme f the animals,且从句中缺少主语,故应选C。
( B )B.died C.have diedD.will die
考查动词时态。句意:很多动物都死了,但是它们有助于使太空旅行对人类更安全。die“死”,动词原形;died动词过去式;have died现在完成时;will die一般将来时。根据文意可知,从第二段开始,作者讲述了科学家们过去对太空的探索,以一般过去时态来叙述,故这里应用过去式,选B。
( A )’t B.may nt C.dn’t have t D.needn’t
考查情态动词。句意:因为它们的伟大贡献,我们不应该忘记这些动物。shuldn’t“不应该”;may nt“可能不”;dn’t have t“不必,没有必要”;needn’t“不需要”。根据“Fr their great service”可知,这里应表示“不应该忘记”,故选A。
( C ) B.because C.afterD.since
考查从属连词。句意:不幸的是,在他的宇宙飞船返回地球后,他死了。if“如果,是否”;because“因为”;after“在……之后”;since“自从”。根据句意可知,这里应表示“在回到地球之后”,用after引导时间状语从句,故选C。
( D )B.Lucky C.LuckierD.Luckily
考查同根词( 副词 )。句意:幸运的是,对于猴子Ham来说,结果是不同的。luck“运气”,名词;lucky“幸运的”,形容词;luckier更幸运的,形容词比较级;luckily“幸运地”,副词。根据句意和句子结构可知,该空修饰的是整个句子的内容,应用副词形式,故选D。
( C ) B.n C.in D.fr
考查介词。句意:当它健康地返回地球时,它的故事在愉快中结束了。at在具体时刻或小地点;n在……上面,关于;in在……里面;fr为了,因为。这里考查固定短语:in…health“处在……的健康状况”,表示状态,故应选C。
( B )13.A.aB.anC.theD./
考查冠词。句意:科学家们想知道一个重要问题的答案:像Ham这样的动物在太空中能做和在地球上一样的事情吗?a和an是不定冠词,修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指;an用于元音音素开头的单词前;the是定冠词,修饰名词,表示特指。根据句意可知,这里表示“像……一样的一个……”,表示泛指,空后animal的读音中,第一个音素是/æ/,是元音音素,故应选B。
( D )B.sentC.is sentD.was sent
考查被动语态。句意:当Ham在1961年被送入太空时这个问题有了答案。send“送,寄”;sent是过去式;is sent是一般现在时的被动语态;was sent是一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知,该从句的主语Ham与谓语动词构成动宾关系,应使用被动语态,故先排除A项和B项;再根据句中的时间“in 1961”可知,时间是过去的,应用一般过去时,故应选D。
( A ) B.ther C.thersD.the thers
考查不定代词。句意:答案是肯定的,它每件事都做得很好,而且又活了16年。anther“再,又,另一个”;ther“其他的”,形容词,修饰名词;thers“其他人或物”,代词;the thers“其余全部人或物”。根据句意和空后的“16 years”可知,这里表示“又活了16年”,故应选A。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。人类对太空的研究始于几千年前。那时科学还很落后,人们只能用肉眼观察天空。现在人类有了现代化的技术,他们对太空有了更多的了解。那么人类第一次进入太空是什么时候呢?其实在人类进入太空之前,科学家们先用很多动物进行了实验,保证人类太空旅行的安全。
( C )B.whereC.thatD./( B )B.sentC.will sendD.has sent( C )B.litC.are litD.are lighting( D )B.happilyC.unhappyD.happiness( A )B.theyC.heD.its( B )B.asC.frD.by( C )B.thughC.becauseD.unless( C )B.carefulC.carefullyD.carelessness( A )9.A.aB.anC.theD./( B )B.t cmpleteC.cmpletingD.cmpleted
CBCDABCCAB
It was a cld winter night when the plice fficer Lee and the detective Smith were walking back t the plice statin.They saw a rbber attacking an ld wman n the rad.Lee and Smith ran ver t the rbber immediately.The rbber saw them and ran away as 1 as he culd.Lee and Smith fllwed him fr a lng distance 2 the rbber rushed int an undergrund statin.Lee and Smith ran int the statin and 3 t find him.It was quite dark utside that night, s they culdn’t see the rbber clearly.But they remembered what his bdy shape was like. When they went in, they saw six men in the statin. 4 f them had the similar build as the rbber.Lee lked at them 5 , ne by ne. The first man was quarreling with an undergrund statin wrker.He seemed t be very upset.The secnd ne was watching the fight 6 the first man and the wrker.It seemed he was quite wrried abut them. The third ne was quietly reading a newspaper.His face 7 behind the newspaper. The furth ne was running t warm himself up, as it was cld in the statin.The fifth ne was waiting fr the undergrund.He lked at his watch 8 times.He seemed t be in a hurry. The sixth man 9 was in a big cat was sitting n a bench and shivering( 发抖 ). Lee finally fund ut which ne the rbber was.He whispered t Smith, “Lk! The rbber wanted 10 up his panting( 气喘吁吁 ) by ding this.” D yu knw which ne was the rbber?
( A )B.fasterC.mre fastD.the fastest( B )B.until C.if D.because( B )B.triedC.tryingD.tries( D )B.NeitherC.BthD.All( C )B.careful C.carefully D.careless( D )B.frm C.amng D.between( C )B.hidC.was hidden D.has hidden( A ) B.few C.little D.any( B ) B.wh C.what D.whse( D ) B.cversC.cvered D.t cver
ABBDCDCABD
三Althugh he is ne f China’s mst famus scientists, Yuan Lngping cnsiders 1 a farmer, fr he wrks n the land t d his research.In 1973, he became the first agricultural pineer in the wrld t grw rice 2 has a high utput.This special strain f rice makes it pssible t prduce 20%, mre f the crp in 3 same fields.Nw mre than 60% f the rice prduced in China each year 4 frm this hybrid strain. Brn in 1930, Yuan Lngping graduated frm Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in 1953.Since then, finding ways t grw mre rice has been his life gal. 5 a yung man, he saw the great need fr increasing the rice utput.At that time, hunger was a disturbing prblem in many parts f the cuntryside.Yuan Lngping 6 fr a way t increase rice harvests withut expanding ( 扩大 ) the area f the fields.In 1950, Chinese farmers 7 prduce abut fifty-six millin tns f rice.In a recent harvest, hwever, nearly tw hundred millin tns f rice was prduced.These increased harvests mean that 22% f the wrld’s peple 8 frm just 7% f the farmland in the wrld.Yuan Lngping is nw spreading his knwledge in India,Vietnam and many ther 9 develped cuntries t increase their rice harvests.Thanks t his research, the UN has mre tls in the battle t rid ( 摆脱 ) the wrld f 10 .Using his hybrid rice, farmers are prducing harvests twice as large as befre.
( B ) B.himself C.him D.his( D ) B.wh C.what D.that( C ) B.a C.the D./( B ) B.is C.are D.were( B ) B.As C.With D.By( A ) B.searches C.has searched D.was searching( C ) B.need C.culd D.shuld( D ) fedB.were fed C.fed D.are fed( C ) B.mst C.less D.mre( A )B.hungry C.hungrily D.hungers
BDCBBACDCA
四Since my mther mved t live with us in the city, she had been much heavier than befre.As time went by, her health gt 1 .S I had t take her t see a dctr.My mther 2 t lse weight by ding exercise every day.She had n chice but t fllw what the dctr said.I tld her that I 3 with her every mrning. On the first mrning, she gt up very early and ran with me in 4 neighbrhd.I tried t run slwly 5 she culd fllw me.After running fr sme minutes, I tld her prper ways f exercise and the imprtance f eating healthy fd.She listened t me carefully.It made me 6 that she tld me everything very patiently when I was a kid. 7 the secnd mrning, I praised her fr keeping running with me. But after tw weeks, she wanted t give up running because she thught the tw-week exercise didn’t wrk at all.T encurage her, I taught her 8 t use the facilities ( 设施 ) fr exercise in the gym which is nt far away.She began t exercise again. With my help, it 9 her ne mnth t develp a gd habit f daily exercise.“Thank yu, my dear daughter.Exercise brings health and happiness t me.I will never wrry abut my health.” Her wrds tuched my heart 10 .I felt happy t make a big difference t my mther’s life.
( C )B.wrstC.wrseD.well( D )B.is tldC.has tld D.was tld( A ) exercise B.did exercise C.will exercise D.had exercised( C )B.usC.urD.urs( B ) B.s thatC.thatD.s( C ) rememberB.rememberedC.remember D.remembering( B )B.OnC.WithD.Fr( D )B.whenC.whatD.hw( C ) takenB.is takingC.tkD.takes( D )B.deepC.deepestD.deeply
五In 2010, smething very strange happened in a small Australian twn. 1 fish began falling frm the sky! Peple called their friends t tell them abut 2 strange event, but nbdy believed it. There have been similar events f “raining animals” all ver the wrld.Usually the falling animals are fish, but smetimes ther animals have fallen frm the sky.In 2009, the animals 3 fell frm the sky in Japan were frgs.In Hungary in 2010 frgs 4 t fall frm the sky,t. Yu prbably wn’t be surprised t knw that this kind f event can cause a lt f panic( 恐慌 ).When this happens, peple ften believe that the wrld 5 , r that smething else terrible is happening.Hwever, althugh this seems crazy and impssible, we nw knw 6 fish and ther animals smetimes fall frm the sky. The answer 7 this questin is the weather.Smetimes, trnad ( 龙卷风 ) sucks up water frm pnds, rivers, and ceans.When this happens, the trnad ften sucks up fish and ther animals as well.The trnad carries these unlucky animals fr a shrt distance, and then drps them in 8 place.When fish fall frm the sky, they are ften still alive because the trnad desn’t carry the fish very far. Scientists have never been able 9 this thery, s we can’t be sure that it’s cmpletely crrect.Hwever, almst everyne agrees that weather causes the raining animals. 10 sme phtgraphs if yu are utside and it starts t rain animals.Otherwise, hw can anyne else believe yu?
( D ) f B.A few hundreds C.A few hundred f D.Hundreds f( D )2.A.a B.an C./ D.the( B ) B.that C.what D./( C ) B.was seen C.were seen D.were seeing( D ) B.ending C.ended D.is ging t end( C ) B.where C.why D.hw( A )B.with C.f D.ff( B ) B.anther C.the ther D.thers( C ) B.testing C.t testD.tested( A ) B.Taking C.T take D.Have taken
六I live n 1 flr f a building.I have t use the lift t take me up and dwn every time.One afternn I was cming hme frm 2 friend’s huse.It was just after fur ’clck.I gt quickly int the lift and pressed Buttn 12. The lift started t g up, but very slwly.And then, half way up, it suddenly stpped 3 tw flrs.I had n idea what happened.I called fr help very ludly.But nbdy answered.Then suddenly the light went ut, and I was alne in the dark.I started 4 and hit the walls n the lift.I cried and cried but it didn’t wrk.Then, I felt 5 , and pressed all the buttns with my hands.And all at the same time, 6 a sund f bell far away ringing and ringing.It was the fire alarm.I thught the whle building was n fire.I said t Gd quietly,“Just get me ut f here.I’ll never d 7 things again.” Just then, I realized the lift 8 very slwly.On the grund flr it stpped,and the dr pened.A man was standing there.“ 9 have yu been there? It is gd that yu pressed the alarm buttn.But haven’t yu learned t read at yur schl?” He pinted at a small piece f paper n the wall beside the lift.It said,“Attentin!This lift 10 fr repairs between 4 5 Thursday, March 13.”
( C )B.twelfth C.the twelfth D.the twelve( A )2.A.aB.anC.theD./( C )B.inC.betweenD.abve( B ) B.t cryC.t crying D.cried( B )B.helplessC.helpnessD.helpfully( D ) haveB.there hadC.there isD.there was( B )B.badC.betterD.wrse( C )B.is mvingC.was mving D.has mved( D ) manyB.Hw ften C.Hw sn D.Hw lng( C )B.is stppedC.will be stpped D.will stp
七I used t have 1 interesting and smart friend Lucy.But I refused 2 with her because she was always cmplaining! Fr years,I fught against my feelings, because I really like and admire her, but I have fund I just can’t be her friend.Her wrld is full f “buts…”.I didn’t realize 3 her cmplaints were silently changing me. Mnths ag, my best friend May was listening t me cmplaining abut Lucy 4 she gt really angry.“Either break up with her, r leave me alne.”She shuted 5 me,“I’m tired f listening t yur cmplaining.”Her hnesty 6 me, and I began t keep myself away frm Lucy.Later,I did frget her. Nw I try t remain happy and psitive abut life, and find friends f the same.There’s been scientific research shwing that peple 7 find reasns t be thankful fr their lives are actually happier, and I believe that is true.Endless cmplaining seems t cntrl yur life if yu let it 8 int yur brain.And t much cmplaining will actually make yur life 9 . Sme peple take “gratitude walks”every day, where they think abut 10 lives in a psitive way.By develping a grateful attitude, yu can be turned away frm what’s trubling yu, and tward what makes yu happy.Then yu can have a beautiful life.
( C )1.A./B.aC.anD.the( B )B.t playC.playingD.plays( C ) B.whatC.thatD.hw( D )B.after C.unlessD.until( B )B.at C.nD.in( C )B.surprises C.surprisedD.was surprising( C ) B.whyC.whD.which( C ) cmeB.cmesC.cmeD.cming( B )B.wrseC.wrstD.the wrst( C )B.theirsC.theirD.themselves
八It was a clear day in 1997.Lttie Williams was walking thrugh a park in the US with her friends when suddenly, smething tapped n the shulder.It was abut as 1 as an empty sda can.Later scientists tld her it was a piece f a Delta II rcket that had been used t launch 2 satellite. Many cuntries arund the wrld have sent satellites int space.We need satellites 3 and receive TV and radi signals, and fr many 4 things.But when they becme ld r they may break dwn r we dn’t need them any mre, we just leave them there.They becme space junk. Scientists think that there are abut sixteen 5 bjects larger than 10 centimeters wide flying arund the Earth, and tens f millins f smaller bjects, t.They travel at arund 7 kilmeters a secnd.That’s fast and really dangerus!If ne small piece f space junk 6 smething at high speed, it 7 d a lt f damage.Luckily, there haven’t been many cllisins( 碰撞 ). Pieces f space junk re-enter the Earth’s atmsphere every day, 8 Lttie Williams is the nly persn wh has been hit.The piece that hit her was light, and the air in the atmsphere had slwed it dwn.Mst space junk burns up and desn’t reach the Earth’s surface.Hwever, 9 2011, a metal ball 35 centimeters wide fell t the Earth in Namibia, Africa.It made a hle in the grund 30 centimeters deep and ver 3 meters wide.Lttie was lucky because she 10 by that!
( C )B.heavilyC.heavyD.heaviest( A )2.A.aB.anC.theD./( C )B.sendingC.t sendD.sent( A )B.thersC.antherD.the ther( C ) B.thusands f C.thusandD.thusand f( A )B.hitC.will hitD.is hitting( B )B.canC.mustD.have t( B )B.butC.s D.r( B )B.inC.atD.fr( C )’t hitB.wasn’t hitting C.wasn’t hit D.isn’t hit
九Last year, arund Labr Day, I read a “Happy Ad” in ur lcal newspaper.There was a lady in a lcal nursing hme, wh was celebrating her 1 birthday and her family wanted everyne t knw abut it.It said that 2 yu wanted t drp her a line, here was her address.S I did.I fund a birthday card and drpped her a shrt nte, wishing 3 a happy birthday. A week r s later, smene kncked at my frnt dr.I pened the dr and fund a middle-aged man standing n my drstep.He intrduced himself as the sn f the wman 4 I had sent the card t.He explained that he just wanted t drp by in persn and thank me 5 sending such a nice card t his mm.Apparently( 明显地 ), like many ther ld men r wmen, she did nt receive much mail and was quite 6 t receive mine.I just didn’t knw 7 t say.I tld him it was my pleasure and that I hped his mm had enjyed the birthday. That year, I did nt send ut any Christmas cards, except t this lvely ld lady in the nursing hme.I just tld her that I 8 abut her and hped that she had a nice hliday.I sent her 9 Valentine card and als a cuple f ntes in between. She passed away a cuple f mnths ag.I never met this lady, but I drpped her a line f sympathy.I hpe that my few little ntes were enugh 10 a cuple f her days here n the Earth.
( C ) B.the 90 C.90th D.the 90th( A ) B.because C.unless D.thugh( B ) B.her C.herself D.hers( D ) B.whse C.when D.wh( D ) B.with C.at D.fr( B ) B.excited C.mre exciting D.mre excited( C ) B.which C.what D.why( A ) thinking B.is thinking C.has thught D.think( A )9.A.a B.an C.the D./( D ) B.brighten C.brightening D.t brighten
十Once upn a time, there was a small twn.And there was a cave near the twn.Peple called 1 the “Cave f Fear”.Many peple had explred int the cave 2 n ne had ever returned frm there.S peple lived in terrr.They were afraid that the mnster wuld leave the cave ne day.Since then, n ne went t the cave any mre. Many years later, a yung man came t the twn ne day.He heard 3 the situatin f the cave, s he decided t enter the cave and 4 the mnster.The yung man wanted anther persn t g with him, but everyne was 5 afraid that nt a single persn gt near the muth f the cave with him. The yung man never gave up.He went inside the cave alne.Suddenly, he felt smething hit him hard n the back.This pushed him frward twards a hle in the rck.He 6 avid it, and fell thrugh.He thught he was abut t 7 . Hwever, as he fell, he heard music and vices.They gt 8 when he reached clser t the bttm f the cave.He heard a grup f peple shut, “Surprise!” It was 9 big party! The partygers were all thse peple 10 had never returned t the twn.They explained t him that this place had been the idea f an ld mayr f the twn.That mayr created the stry f the mnster t tell peple that fear wuld stp yur way t explratin.
“完形填空”侧重考查考生对文章内容的理解和所选单词的意义的区别,而“语法选择”则主要考查语法在篇章里的应用,侧重语法知识的考查,即某个单词的不同形式。“语法选择”的主要考点分布:冠词、名词的单复数、动词时态和语态、形容词和副词及其比较等级、代词、连词、介词、非谓语动词、同根词、定语从句、状语从句和宾语从句等。
二、命题规律( 以近三年广州市中考英语“语法选择”为例 )( 注意:广州市中考英语的“语法选择”有15个空,广东省卷中考英语的“语法选择”只有10个空。 )
2017~2019年广州中考英语语法选择考点分析
三、复习方法1.复习《义务教育英语课程标准》( 2011年版 )中的各个语法点并能掌握和熟练运用各语法点的基本结构和基本规则。2.平时多积累,多阅读文章或对话,领悟文章、对话中句子与句子之间的关系,把握段落之间的关系,并理解整篇文章、对话的大致内容以及上下文逻辑关系,不断形成英语的语感,这样做起题目来会更加得心应手。3.加强练习,从中发现并掌握该类题目的规律,对自己不熟悉的、容易错的语法知识抓紧时间查漏补缺。训练自己的逻辑思维,并提高做题的准确性。
1.快速通读全文,掌握短文主旨。通篇浏览短文,掌握文中时间、地点、人物以及事件等关键信息。特别要注意认真阅读短文的开头句,一般不设置空格,为考生提供某种语境或提供主题信息。通读全文时,不要拘泥于一词一义的理解,对个别不认识的单词、短语,只要不影响理解全文就可以不管它。
2.识别短语、句型,注意固定搭配。语法选择的短文中一定会出现一些常用的固定搭配或句型。如动词短语:laugh at,take care f,give up,agree with等;介词短语:in surprise,at the age f等;句型:it is…fr sb.t d sth.,it takes sb.sme time t d sth.等。同学们平时注意常用短语和句型的整体记忆,掌握它们的搭配规律,做题时就能得心应手,减少失误,提高准确率。
3.运用语法规则,理顺搭配关系。语法知识是指导解答该题的法宝,因为词汇要根据语法规则确定各自的位置。有了语法规则,文章才能有条不紊,顺理成章。如介词后面的代词一定用宾格,物质名词一般不用复数( 大部分是不可数名词 ),修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面,情态动词后面用动词原形,非谓语动词的考查,定语从句的考查等。考生在答题时,首先要注意所选的答案填入空白处后,整个句子的语法结构( 语气、语态、时态 )是否合理;其次,看语义是否通顺,上下文是否连贯。
4.遇到难题,反复默念。有时会遇到难选的题目,如果时间允许,不要轻易放弃,可先从语法角度考虑,再从逻辑角度考虑隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。有时句子好像什么也不缺,读上去很完整,很可能缺的就是连词and,副词then,always,smetimes,never,ften,hardly等,但要注意把这些词代进去,看哪个意思符合。如果还未选出,应反复默念几遍,这时有些词就会悄然而至,从你的记忆中浮现出来。
5.细心检查,避免疏漏。选项填完后,再次通读短文,从整体上检查短文的结构、语义以及逻辑意义是否一致,上下文衔接是否合理。
The first astrnautsSince the earliest times, peple have lked up at the stars, the mn and the planets.Tday peple use mdern machines 1 at the sky.This is very different frm the situatin 2 years ag when peple culd nly use their eyes.Perhaps they dreamed f 3 the universe. When did humans first g int space? The stry began nt s very lng ag, 4 the first astrnauts were nt peple—they were animals. Scientists wanted t make travelling t space as 5 as pssible fr humans.S they decided t experiment with animals and test 6 in spaceflights.Insects, mice, frgs, dgs and mnkeys were sme f the animals 7 first went int space.Many f them 8 , but they helped t make space travel safer fr humans.Fr their great service, we 9 frget these animals. AlbertⅡ was the first mnkey t g int space in 1949.Sadly he died 10 his spaceship landed back n Earth. 11 the result was different fr Ham the Mnkey.His stry ended happily when he returned t Earth 12 very gd health. Scientists wanted t knw the answer t the imprtant questin: culd 13 animal like Ham d the same things in space as he culd d n Earth? The answer came when Ham 14 int space in 1961.Yes, he did everything well and lived fr 15 16 years.
( B )B.t lkC.lkingD.lked
考查非谓语动词中的动词不定式。句意:现在人们使用现代的机器来看天空。lk“看”,动词原形;t lk动词不定式;lking动名词形式;lked是动词过去式或过去分词形式。根据句意可知,空后表示use mdern machines的目的,“为了看天空”,故应用动词不定式,选B。
( D ) B.thusands C.thusand fD.thusands f
考查数词。句意:这与几千年前的情况不同,那时人们只能用肉眼观察天空。thusand“千”,数量单位;thusands复数形式;thusand f形式错误;thusands f“成千上万的”,固定短语。根据句意和空后的years可知,这个空修饰后面的名词,故应选D。
( D ) B.t explre C.explredD.explring
考查非谓语动词中的动名词。句意:也许他们梦想着探索宇宙。explre“探索”,动词原形;t explre动词不定式;explred是动词过去式或过去分词;explring动名词形式。句中使用了短语dream f,意为“梦想……”,后接名词或动名词形式。故应选D。
( A )B.rC.butD.s
考查连词。句意:这个故事发生在不久前,因为第一批宇航员不是人——它们是动物。as“因为,作为,当……时候”;r“或者,否则”;but“但是”;s“因此,所以”。根据句意可知,空后这句话解释前面“The stry began nt very lng ag”,故用as引导原因状语从句,选A。
( A )B.safer C.safest D.the safest
考查形容词比较等级。句意:科学家们想要使人们的太空旅行尽可能地安全。safe“安全的”,形容词;safer“更安全的”,形容词比较级;safest“最安全的”,形容词最高级;the safest最高级。句中使用了短语as…as pssible“尽可能……”,两个as之间用形容词的原级,故选A。
( B )B.them C.their D.theirs
考查代词。句意:所以他们决定用动物做实验,并在太空飞行中对它们进行测试。they“他们,它们”,人称代词的主格形式;them“他们,它们”,人称代词的宾格形式;their“他们的,它们的”,形容词性物主代词;theirs名词性物主代词。根据句子结构可知,空前test是动词,该空是它的宾语,故应用宾格形式,选B。
( C )B.what C.thatD.whse
考查定语从句的关系词。句意:昆虫、老鼠、青蛙、狗和猴子是最早进入太空的一些动物。whm可作关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语;what“什么”,不能引导定语从句;that可作关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词可以为人,也可以为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;whse“某人的”,引导定语从句,在从句中作定语。根据句子结构可知,空后是一个定语从句,修饰先行词sme f the animals,且从句中缺少主语,故应选C。
( B )B.died C.have diedD.will die
考查动词时态。句意:很多动物都死了,但是它们有助于使太空旅行对人类更安全。die“死”,动词原形;died动词过去式;have died现在完成时;will die一般将来时。根据文意可知,从第二段开始,作者讲述了科学家们过去对太空的探索,以一般过去时态来叙述,故这里应用过去式,选B。
( A )’t B.may nt C.dn’t have t D.needn’t
考查情态动词。句意:因为它们的伟大贡献,我们不应该忘记这些动物。shuldn’t“不应该”;may nt“可能不”;dn’t have t“不必,没有必要”;needn’t“不需要”。根据“Fr their great service”可知,这里应表示“不应该忘记”,故选A。
( C ) B.because C.afterD.since
考查从属连词。句意:不幸的是,在他的宇宙飞船返回地球后,他死了。if“如果,是否”;because“因为”;after“在……之后”;since“自从”。根据句意可知,这里应表示“在回到地球之后”,用after引导时间状语从句,故选C。
( D )B.Lucky C.LuckierD.Luckily
考查同根词( 副词 )。句意:幸运的是,对于猴子Ham来说,结果是不同的。luck“运气”,名词;lucky“幸运的”,形容词;luckier更幸运的,形容词比较级;luckily“幸运地”,副词。根据句意和句子结构可知,该空修饰的是整个句子的内容,应用副词形式,故选D。
( C ) B.n C.in D.fr
考查介词。句意:当它健康地返回地球时,它的故事在愉快中结束了。at在具体时刻或小地点;n在……上面,关于;in在……里面;fr为了,因为。这里考查固定短语:in…health“处在……的健康状况”,表示状态,故应选C。
( B )13.A.aB.anC.theD./
考查冠词。句意:科学家们想知道一个重要问题的答案:像Ham这样的动物在太空中能做和在地球上一样的事情吗?a和an是不定冠词,修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指;an用于元音音素开头的单词前;the是定冠词,修饰名词,表示特指。根据句意可知,这里表示“像……一样的一个……”,表示泛指,空后animal的读音中,第一个音素是/æ/,是元音音素,故应选B。
( D )B.sentC.is sentD.was sent
考查被动语态。句意:当Ham在1961年被送入太空时这个问题有了答案。send“送,寄”;sent是过去式;is sent是一般现在时的被动语态;was sent是一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知,该从句的主语Ham与谓语动词构成动宾关系,应使用被动语态,故先排除A项和B项;再根据句中的时间“in 1961”可知,时间是过去的,应用一般过去时,故应选D。
( A ) B.ther C.thersD.the thers
考查不定代词。句意:答案是肯定的,它每件事都做得很好,而且又活了16年。anther“再,又,另一个”;ther“其他的”,形容词,修饰名词;thers“其他人或物”,代词;the thers“其余全部人或物”。根据句意和空后的“16 years”可知,这里表示“又活了16年”,故应选A。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。人类对太空的研究始于几千年前。那时科学还很落后,人们只能用肉眼观察天空。现在人类有了现代化的技术,他们对太空有了更多的了解。那么人类第一次进入太空是什么时候呢?其实在人类进入太空之前,科学家们先用很多动物进行了实验,保证人类太空旅行的安全。
( C )B.whereC.thatD./( B )B.sentC.will sendD.has sent( C )B.litC.are litD.are lighting( D )B.happilyC.unhappyD.happiness( A )B.theyC.heD.its( B )B.asC.frD.by( C )B.thughC.becauseD.unless( C )B.carefulC.carefullyD.carelessness( A )9.A.aB.anC.theD./( B )B.t cmpleteC.cmpletingD.cmpleted
CBCDABCCAB
It was a cld winter night when the plice fficer Lee and the detective Smith were walking back t the plice statin.They saw a rbber attacking an ld wman n the rad.Lee and Smith ran ver t the rbber immediately.The rbber saw them and ran away as 1 as he culd.Lee and Smith fllwed him fr a lng distance 2 the rbber rushed int an undergrund statin.Lee and Smith ran int the statin and 3 t find him.It was quite dark utside that night, s they culdn’t see the rbber clearly.But they remembered what his bdy shape was like. When they went in, they saw six men in the statin. 4 f them had the similar build as the rbber.Lee lked at them 5 , ne by ne. The first man was quarreling with an undergrund statin wrker.He seemed t be very upset.The secnd ne was watching the fight 6 the first man and the wrker.It seemed he was quite wrried abut them. The third ne was quietly reading a newspaper.His face 7 behind the newspaper. The furth ne was running t warm himself up, as it was cld in the statin.The fifth ne was waiting fr the undergrund.He lked at his watch 8 times.He seemed t be in a hurry. The sixth man 9 was in a big cat was sitting n a bench and shivering( 发抖 ). Lee finally fund ut which ne the rbber was.He whispered t Smith, “Lk! The rbber wanted 10 up his panting( 气喘吁吁 ) by ding this.” D yu knw which ne was the rbber?
( A )B.fasterC.mre fastD.the fastest( B )B.until C.if D.because( B )B.triedC.tryingD.tries( D )B.NeitherC.BthD.All( C )B.careful C.carefully D.careless( D )B.frm C.amng D.between( C )B.hidC.was hidden D.has hidden( A ) B.few C.little D.any( B ) B.wh C.what D.whse( D ) B.cversC.cvered D.t cver
ABBDCDCABD
三Althugh he is ne f China’s mst famus scientists, Yuan Lngping cnsiders 1 a farmer, fr he wrks n the land t d his research.In 1973, he became the first agricultural pineer in the wrld t grw rice 2 has a high utput.This special strain f rice makes it pssible t prduce 20%, mre f the crp in 3 same fields.Nw mre than 60% f the rice prduced in China each year 4 frm this hybrid strain. Brn in 1930, Yuan Lngping graduated frm Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in 1953.Since then, finding ways t grw mre rice has been his life gal. 5 a yung man, he saw the great need fr increasing the rice utput.At that time, hunger was a disturbing prblem in many parts f the cuntryside.Yuan Lngping 6 fr a way t increase rice harvests withut expanding ( 扩大 ) the area f the fields.In 1950, Chinese farmers 7 prduce abut fifty-six millin tns f rice.In a recent harvest, hwever, nearly tw hundred millin tns f rice was prduced.These increased harvests mean that 22% f the wrld’s peple 8 frm just 7% f the farmland in the wrld.Yuan Lngping is nw spreading his knwledge in India,Vietnam and many ther 9 develped cuntries t increase their rice harvests.Thanks t his research, the UN has mre tls in the battle t rid ( 摆脱 ) the wrld f 10 .Using his hybrid rice, farmers are prducing harvests twice as large as befre.
( B ) B.himself C.him D.his( D ) B.wh C.what D.that( C ) B.a C.the D./( B ) B.is C.are D.were( B ) B.As C.With D.By( A ) B.searches C.has searched D.was searching( C ) B.need C.culd D.shuld( D ) fedB.were fed C.fed D.are fed( C ) B.mst C.less D.mre( A )B.hungry C.hungrily D.hungers
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四Since my mther mved t live with us in the city, she had been much heavier than befre.As time went by, her health gt 1 .S I had t take her t see a dctr.My mther 2 t lse weight by ding exercise every day.She had n chice but t fllw what the dctr said.I tld her that I 3 with her every mrning. On the first mrning, she gt up very early and ran with me in 4 neighbrhd.I tried t run slwly 5 she culd fllw me.After running fr sme minutes, I tld her prper ways f exercise and the imprtance f eating healthy fd.She listened t me carefully.It made me 6 that she tld me everything very patiently when I was a kid. 7 the secnd mrning, I praised her fr keeping running with me. But after tw weeks, she wanted t give up running because she thught the tw-week exercise didn’t wrk at all.T encurage her, I taught her 8 t use the facilities ( 设施 ) fr exercise in the gym which is nt far away.She began t exercise again. With my help, it 9 her ne mnth t develp a gd habit f daily exercise.“Thank yu, my dear daughter.Exercise brings health and happiness t me.I will never wrry abut my health.” Her wrds tuched my heart 10 .I felt happy t make a big difference t my mther’s life.
( C )B.wrstC.wrseD.well( D )B.is tldC.has tld D.was tld( A ) exercise B.did exercise C.will exercise D.had exercised( C )B.usC.urD.urs( B ) B.s thatC.thatD.s( C ) rememberB.rememberedC.remember D.remembering( B )B.OnC.WithD.Fr( D )B.whenC.whatD.hw( C ) takenB.is takingC.tkD.takes( D )B.deepC.deepestD.deeply
五In 2010, smething very strange happened in a small Australian twn. 1 fish began falling frm the sky! Peple called their friends t tell them abut 2 strange event, but nbdy believed it. There have been similar events f “raining animals” all ver the wrld.Usually the falling animals are fish, but smetimes ther animals have fallen frm the sky.In 2009, the animals 3 fell frm the sky in Japan were frgs.In Hungary in 2010 frgs 4 t fall frm the sky,t. Yu prbably wn’t be surprised t knw that this kind f event can cause a lt f panic( 恐慌 ).When this happens, peple ften believe that the wrld 5 , r that smething else terrible is happening.Hwever, althugh this seems crazy and impssible, we nw knw 6 fish and ther animals smetimes fall frm the sky. The answer 7 this questin is the weather.Smetimes, trnad ( 龙卷风 ) sucks up water frm pnds, rivers, and ceans.When this happens, the trnad ften sucks up fish and ther animals as well.The trnad carries these unlucky animals fr a shrt distance, and then drps them in 8 place.When fish fall frm the sky, they are ften still alive because the trnad desn’t carry the fish very far. Scientists have never been able 9 this thery, s we can’t be sure that it’s cmpletely crrect.Hwever, almst everyne agrees that weather causes the raining animals. 10 sme phtgraphs if yu are utside and it starts t rain animals.Otherwise, hw can anyne else believe yu?
( D ) f B.A few hundreds C.A few hundred f D.Hundreds f( D )2.A.a B.an C./ D.the( B ) B.that C.what D./( C ) B.was seen C.were seen D.were seeing( D ) B.ending C.ended D.is ging t end( C ) B.where C.why D.hw( A )B.with C.f D.ff( B ) B.anther C.the ther D.thers( C ) B.testing C.t testD.tested( A ) B.Taking C.T take D.Have taken
六I live n 1 flr f a building.I have t use the lift t take me up and dwn every time.One afternn I was cming hme frm 2 friend’s huse.It was just after fur ’clck.I gt quickly int the lift and pressed Buttn 12. The lift started t g up, but very slwly.And then, half way up, it suddenly stpped 3 tw flrs.I had n idea what happened.I called fr help very ludly.But nbdy answered.Then suddenly the light went ut, and I was alne in the dark.I started 4 and hit the walls n the lift.I cried and cried but it didn’t wrk.Then, I felt 5 , and pressed all the buttns with my hands.And all at the same time, 6 a sund f bell far away ringing and ringing.It was the fire alarm.I thught the whle building was n fire.I said t Gd quietly,“Just get me ut f here.I’ll never d 7 things again.” Just then, I realized the lift 8 very slwly.On the grund flr it stpped,and the dr pened.A man was standing there.“ 9 have yu been there? It is gd that yu pressed the alarm buttn.But haven’t yu learned t read at yur schl?” He pinted at a small piece f paper n the wall beside the lift.It said,“Attentin!This lift 10 fr repairs between 4 5 Thursday, March 13.”
( C )B.twelfth C.the twelfth D.the twelve( A )2.A.aB.anC.theD./( C )B.inC.betweenD.abve( B ) B.t cryC.t crying D.cried( B )B.helplessC.helpnessD.helpfully( D ) haveB.there hadC.there isD.there was( B )B.badC.betterD.wrse( C )B.is mvingC.was mving D.has mved( D ) manyB.Hw ften C.Hw sn D.Hw lng( C )B.is stppedC.will be stpped D.will stp
七I used t have 1 interesting and smart friend Lucy.But I refused 2 with her because she was always cmplaining! Fr years,I fught against my feelings, because I really like and admire her, but I have fund I just can’t be her friend.Her wrld is full f “buts…”.I didn’t realize 3 her cmplaints were silently changing me. Mnths ag, my best friend May was listening t me cmplaining abut Lucy 4 she gt really angry.“Either break up with her, r leave me alne.”She shuted 5 me,“I’m tired f listening t yur cmplaining.”Her hnesty 6 me, and I began t keep myself away frm Lucy.Later,I did frget her. Nw I try t remain happy and psitive abut life, and find friends f the same.There’s been scientific research shwing that peple 7 find reasns t be thankful fr their lives are actually happier, and I believe that is true.Endless cmplaining seems t cntrl yur life if yu let it 8 int yur brain.And t much cmplaining will actually make yur life 9 . Sme peple take “gratitude walks”every day, where they think abut 10 lives in a psitive way.By develping a grateful attitude, yu can be turned away frm what’s trubling yu, and tward what makes yu happy.Then yu can have a beautiful life.
( C )1.A./B.aC.anD.the( B )B.t playC.playingD.plays( C ) B.whatC.thatD.hw( D )B.after C.unlessD.until( B )B.at C.nD.in( C )B.surprises C.surprisedD.was surprising( C ) B.whyC.whD.which( C ) cmeB.cmesC.cmeD.cming( B )B.wrseC.wrstD.the wrst( C )B.theirsC.theirD.themselves
八It was a clear day in 1997.Lttie Williams was walking thrugh a park in the US with her friends when suddenly, smething tapped n the shulder.It was abut as 1 as an empty sda can.Later scientists tld her it was a piece f a Delta II rcket that had been used t launch 2 satellite. Many cuntries arund the wrld have sent satellites int space.We need satellites 3 and receive TV and radi signals, and fr many 4 things.But when they becme ld r they may break dwn r we dn’t need them any mre, we just leave them there.They becme space junk. Scientists think that there are abut sixteen 5 bjects larger than 10 centimeters wide flying arund the Earth, and tens f millins f smaller bjects, t.They travel at arund 7 kilmeters a secnd.That’s fast and really dangerus!If ne small piece f space junk 6 smething at high speed, it 7 d a lt f damage.Luckily, there haven’t been many cllisins( 碰撞 ). Pieces f space junk re-enter the Earth’s atmsphere every day, 8 Lttie Williams is the nly persn wh has been hit.The piece that hit her was light, and the air in the atmsphere had slwed it dwn.Mst space junk burns up and desn’t reach the Earth’s surface.Hwever, 9 2011, a metal ball 35 centimeters wide fell t the Earth in Namibia, Africa.It made a hle in the grund 30 centimeters deep and ver 3 meters wide.Lttie was lucky because she 10 by that!
( C )B.heavilyC.heavyD.heaviest( A )2.A.aB.anC.theD./( C )B.sendingC.t sendD.sent( A )B.thersC.antherD.the ther( C ) B.thusands f C.thusandD.thusand f( A )B.hitC.will hitD.is hitting( B )B.canC.mustD.have t( B )B.butC.s D.r( B )B.inC.atD.fr( C )’t hitB.wasn’t hitting C.wasn’t hit D.isn’t hit
九Last year, arund Labr Day, I read a “Happy Ad” in ur lcal newspaper.There was a lady in a lcal nursing hme, wh was celebrating her 1 birthday and her family wanted everyne t knw abut it.It said that 2 yu wanted t drp her a line, here was her address.S I did.I fund a birthday card and drpped her a shrt nte, wishing 3 a happy birthday. A week r s later, smene kncked at my frnt dr.I pened the dr and fund a middle-aged man standing n my drstep.He intrduced himself as the sn f the wman 4 I had sent the card t.He explained that he just wanted t drp by in persn and thank me 5 sending such a nice card t his mm.Apparently( 明显地 ), like many ther ld men r wmen, she did nt receive much mail and was quite 6 t receive mine.I just didn’t knw 7 t say.I tld him it was my pleasure and that I hped his mm had enjyed the birthday. That year, I did nt send ut any Christmas cards, except t this lvely ld lady in the nursing hme.I just tld her that I 8 abut her and hped that she had a nice hliday.I sent her 9 Valentine card and als a cuple f ntes in between. She passed away a cuple f mnths ag.I never met this lady, but I drpped her a line f sympathy.I hpe that my few little ntes were enugh 10 a cuple f her days here n the Earth.
( C ) B.the 90 C.90th D.the 90th( A ) B.because C.unless D.thugh( B ) B.her C.herself D.hers( D ) B.whse C.when D.wh( D ) B.with C.at D.fr( B ) B.excited C.mre exciting D.mre excited( C ) B.which C.what D.why( A ) thinking B.is thinking C.has thught D.think( A )9.A.a B.an C.the D./( D ) B.brighten C.brightening D.t brighten
十Once upn a time, there was a small twn.And there was a cave near the twn.Peple called 1 the “Cave f Fear”.Many peple had explred int the cave 2 n ne had ever returned frm there.S peple lived in terrr.They were afraid that the mnster wuld leave the cave ne day.Since then, n ne went t the cave any mre. Many years later, a yung man came t the twn ne day.He heard 3 the situatin f the cave, s he decided t enter the cave and 4 the mnster.The yung man wanted anther persn t g with him, but everyne was 5 afraid that nt a single persn gt near the muth f the cave with him. The yung man never gave up.He went inside the cave alne.Suddenly, he felt smething hit him hard n the back.This pushed him frward twards a hle in the rck.He 6 avid it, and fell thrugh.He thught he was abut t 7 . Hwever, as he fell, he heard music and vices.They gt 8 when he reached clser t the bttm f the cave.He heard a grup f peple shut, “Surprise!” It was 9 big party! The partygers were all thse peple 10 had never returned t the twn.They explained t him that this place had been the idea f an ld mayr f the twn.That mayr created the stry f the mnster t tell peple that fear wuld stp yur way t explratin.
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