英语句型专题课件PPT

这是一份英语句型专题课件PPT，共52页。PPT课件主要包含了简单句的五种基本句型，形容词，常用并列连词，名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。

按句子的结构分为三种:
简单句 (simple sentence)
并列句 (cmpund sentence)
复合句 (cmplex sentence)
(一).简单句: 只有一个主语(或并列主语) 和 一个谓语(或并列谓语): <1>.Tm likes rck music. <2>.Tm and Jhn are fnd f rck music. <3>.Tm sat dwn at his desk and began t d his hmewrk.
1. ________________________ It is getting warmer and warmer. He lks pretty happy tday. ★中考经常考查的系动词: <1>. “变得” ______, _______, _______, _______, _____... <2>. “看起来”______,______,________ “闻起来” ______ “尝起来” _____ “摸起来” ______ “听起来”_______
主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P)
get becme
turn g grw
lk seem appear
★系动词的用法: (注意三点) +___________作表语; 无 __________; 无 __________; e.g. The dish _________________. (尝起来好吃) The stry ____________________. (听起来有趣).
tastes delicius
sunds interesting
2. _________________________ Our chalk has run ut. On hearing the news, he cheered.★中考经常考查的不及物动词（或短语）: “发生” __________; __________; _____________ ; _____________ ____________ “用完,用光”_________; ★不及物动词的用法: 无 __________, 无_________
主语 + 谓语 (S + V)
happen ccur
take place cme abut
run ut give ut
e.g. <1>.“过去的几年里我们学校发生了很大的变化” Our schl has taken place great changes in the last few years. ______________________________ ______________________________. <2>. D yu knw what was happened yesterday? (改错) ________________________________
Great changes have taken place in ur schl in the last few years.
D yu knw what happened yesterday?
3. ___________________________ We are having an English class. Mr Wang will attend the lecture.4. __________________________________ I teach yu English. He ffered me his seat.5. _______________________________ We shuld keep ur classrm clean and tidy. I heard them cheering in the next rm. I saw the windw brken.
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S+V+O)
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 (S+V+O1+O2)
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+C)
1.Summer is wn’t let me shwed me a new TV knws gas smells terrible.
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
(二)并列句(cmpund sentence):
把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。
平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:
and, bth….and…., nt nly…. but als…., neither…. nr….
but,while,yet
请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.He was tired. He went t dress is really beautiful. I can’t affrd it.
He was tired, s he went t bed.
The dress is really beautiful, but I can’t affrd it.
3. Mary is cking. Jhn is greeting guests.
Mary is cking, and / while Jhn is greeting guests.
4.He wrks hard. He als likes helping thers.
1>. He nt nly wrks hard but he als likes helping thers.
2>.Nt nly des he wrk hard but he als likes helping thers.
(三）复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.
By the time he arrived, 1we had already left. 2
请指出该复合句的主句和从句:
在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句： 1.____________ 2._____________ 3._____________
指出下列各从句的类型：
I hpe that everything is all right.She was reading the newspaper when I came in.She is the girl wh sings best f all.
It is well-knwn that the 2008 Olympic Games will be held n August 8th.As is knwn t all, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in abut fur mnths.
I want t live in a place where the air is fresh.I want t live where the air is fresh.
请把句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。 I’ll give the letter t him .I see him. (时间状语从句)
I’ll give the letter t him when I see him.
as sn as ★ the mment ★ the minute ★ immediately
It is such a big bx .Nbdy can mve it. (结果状语从句)
It is such a big bx that nbdy can mve it.Such a big bx is it that nbdy can mve it.
It is s big a bx that nbdy can mve it.
The dress is beautiful. I can’t affrd it. (让步状语从句)
Althugh /Thugh the dress is beautiful, I can’t affrd it.
Beautiful as the dress is, I can’t affrd it.
　　按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1） 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 　 Light travels faster than sund.　光比声速度快。　　（说明事实） 　The film is rather bring.　这部电影很乏味。 （说明看法）
2） 疑问句（Interrgative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： 　 a.　一般疑问句（General Questins）： 　　　 Can yu finish the wrk in time? 　　　　 你能按时完成工作吗？ 　 b.　特殊疑问句（W Questins; H Questins）： 　　　 Where d yu live?　你住那儿？ 　　　 Hw d yu knw that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.　选择疑问句（Alternative Questins）： 　　　 D yu want tea r cffee? 　　　　 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ 　 d.　反意疑问句（Tag-Questins）： 　　　 He desn't knw her, des he?　 　　　　 他不认识她，对不对？
3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如： 　　　Sit dwn, please.　请坐。 　　　Dn't be nervus!　别紧张！ 4） 感叹句（Exclamatry Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如： 　　 What gd news it is!　多好的消息啊！
祈使句结构   　 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。 1） 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加d (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。 　　　 Take this seat. 　　　 D be careful. 　否定结构： 　　　Dn't mve. 　　　Dn't be late.
2） 第二种祈使句以let开头。 　　Let 的反意疑问句 　a. Let's 包括说话者　 　　 Let's have anther try，shall we / shan't we? 　 = Shall we have anther try? 　b.　Let us 不包括说话者 　　 Let us have anther try，will yu / wn't yu? 　 = Will yu please let us have anther try? 否定结构： 　Let's nt talk f that matter. 　Let us nt talk f that matter.
感叹句结构   　　感叹句通常有what, hw引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。 　　what修饰名词，hw 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： 　　掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。 Hw +形容词+ a +名词+　　　　　　　陈述语序　　　 Hw+形容词或副词+　　　　　　　　陈述语序 What +名词+　　　　　　　　　　　　陈述语序 What+a+形容词+名词+　　　　　　　陈述语序 What+ 形容词+复数名词+　　　　　　 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+不可数名词+　　　　　 陈述语序
Hw clever a by he is! Hw lvely the baby is! What nise they are making! What a clever by he is! 感叹句的省略形式为：What wnderful ideas (we have)! What cld weather （it is）! What a clever by (he is)!
典型例题 1）___ fd yu‘ve cked! A. Hw a nice　　B. What a nice　　C. Hw nice　 D. What nice 2）___terrible weather we’ve been having these days!　 A. What　 B. What a　　C. Hw　 D. Hw a　 3) --- _____ I had! 　　--- Yu really suffered a lt. A. What a time　　B. What time　　 C. Hw a time　　 D. hw time
强调句结构   　 常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。 　 It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (wh) + 句子其他部分。 　 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。 　　　It is frm the sun that we get light and heat. 　　　It was nt until I had read yur letter that I understd the true state f affairs.1） It was last night ___ I see the cmet. A.　the time　B.　when　 C.　that　　D.　which 2）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned t Canada. A. that　B. when　 C. since　 D. as
反意疑问句   1)　陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I. 　　I'm as tall as yur sister，aren't I? 2)　陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。 　　I wish t have a wrd with yu, may I? 3)　陈述部分用 n, nthing, nbdy, never, few, seldm, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 　　The Swede made n answer, did he / she? 　Sme plants have never blwn (开花), have they ?
4)　含有ught t 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shuldn't / ughtn't +主语。 　　He ught t knw what t d, ughtn't he? / shuldn't he? 5)　陈述部分有have t +v. (had t + v.)，疑问部分常用dn't +主语（didn't +主语）。 　　We have t get there at eight tmrrw, dn't we? 6)　陈述部分的谓语是used t 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。 　　He used t take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7)　陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't yu? 　　Yu'd better read it by yurself, hadn't yu? 8)　陈述部分有wuld rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wuldn't +主语。 　　He wuld rather read it ten times than recite it, wuldn't he? 9)　陈述部分有Yu'd like t +v. 疑问部分用wuldn't +主语。 　　Yu'd like t g with me, wuldn't yu?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 　　He must be a dctr, isn't he? 　　Yu must have studied English fr three years, haven't yu? / didn't yu? 　　He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?　　It must be ging t rain tmrrw, wn't it? 11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。 　　What clurs, aren't they? 　　What a smell, isn't it? 12)　陈述部分由neither… nr, either… r 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither yu nr I am engineer, are we?
13)　陈述部分主语是指示代词或指物的不定代词everything, that, nthing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 　　Everything is ready, isn't it? 14)　 陈述部分为主从复合句或并列句，疑问部分有三种情况： 　a. 并列句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。 　Mr. Smith had been t Beijing fr several times, and he shuld have been in China nw, shuldn't he? 　b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定： 　　He is nt the man wh gave us a talk, is he? 　　He said he wanted t visit Japan, didn't he? 　
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppse, imagine等引导的宾语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。 　　I dn't think he is bright, is he? 　　We believe she can d it better, can't she? 15) 陈述部分主语是指人的不定代词everybdy, anyne, smebdy, nbdy, n ne等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。 　　Everyne knws the answer, dn't they? (desn’t he) 　　Nbdy knws abut it, d they? (des he?...)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。 　　We need nt d it again, need we ? 　　He dare nt say s, dare yu? 　 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词d + 主语。 　　She desn‘t dare t g hme alne, des she? 17)　省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will yu。（前肯后可肯可否，前否后只能肯） 　　Dn’t d that again, will yu? 　　G with me, will yu / wn‘t yu ? 注意Let’s 开头的祈使句，后用shall we/shan't we? 　　Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will yu/wn't yu? 　
18)　陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。 　　There is smething wrng with yur watch, isn't there? 　　There will nt be any truble, will there? 19)　否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。 　　It is impssible, isn't it? 　　He is nt unkind t his classmates, is he?
倒装句之全部倒装   　全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和　一般过去时。 　1) here, there, nw, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, cme, g, lie, run。 　 There ges the bell. 　 Then came the chairman. 　 Here is yur letter. 　2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 　　Out rushed a missile frm under the bmber. 　　Ahead sat an ld wman. 　注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 　　 Here he cmes.　　 Away they went.
倒装句之部分倒装   　 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词d, des或did，并将其置于主语之前。 　1)　句首为否定或半否定的词语，如n, nt, never, seldm, little, hardly, at n time, in n way, nt until… 等。 　　Never have I seen such a perfrmance. 　　Nwhere will yu find the answer t this questin. 　　Nt until the child fell asleep did the mther leave the rm. 　当Nt until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。 　　 I have never seen such a perfrmance. 　　 The mther didn't leave the rm until the child fell asleep.
典型例题 1)　Why can‘t I smke here? 　　At n time___ in the meeting-rm A. is smking permitted　　B.　smking is permitted C. smking is it permitted　D.　des smking permit 答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括n, little, hardly, seldm, never, nt nly, nt until等。本题的正常语序是 Smking is permitted in the meeting-rm at n time. 2） Nt until the early years f the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did knw　 B. man knw　 C. didn’t man knw　 　　　　D. did man knw
以否定词开头作部分倒装的结构还有：   　 如 Nt nly…but als, Hardly/Scarcely…when, N sner… than 　 Nt nly did he refuse the gift, he als severely criticized the sender. 　 Hardly had she gne ut when a student came t visit her. 　 　N sner had she gne ut than a student came t visit her.
典型例题 N sner___ than it began t rain heavily. A. the game began　　　　　 B.　has the game begun C. did the game begin　　　 D.　had the game begun 答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用部分倒装句(助动前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldm, scarcely, little, few, nt, hardly, 以及nt nly…but (als), n sner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when　等等。 注意：只有当Nt nly… but als连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Nt nly… but als仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。 　 Nt nly yu but als I am fnd f music.
s, neither, nr作部分倒装   　 表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。　　　　 　　Tm can speak French. S can Jack. 　　If yu wn‘t g, neither will I. 典型例题 　---D yu knw Jim quarrelled with his brther? 　---I dn’t knw, _____. 　A. nr dn‘t I care　　B. nr d I care　　C. I dn’t care neither　　D. I dn‘t care als 答案：B. nr为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dn’t 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。 　 注意： 当s引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。 　 Tm asked me t g t play ftball and s I did. 　 ---It's raining hard.　　　---S it is.
nly在句首要倒装的情况   　 　Only in this way, can yu learn English well. 　 Only after being asked three times did he cme t the meeting. 　 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 　 Only when he is seriusly ill, des he ever stay in bed.
as, thugh 引导的倒装句   　 as / thugh引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。 注意： 　　　 1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。 　　　 2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,　 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 　　 Try hard as he will, he never seems able t d the wrk satisfactrily. 注意: 　　让步状语从句中，有thugh，althugh时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 thugh 和yet可连用。
典型例题： 1） Nt until Lucy went back __________ the ture.　　 A. I did knw　 B. I knew　 C. didn‘t I knw　 D. did I knw 2） Nt until I began t wrk ___ hw much time I had wasted.　 A. didn’t I realize　　B. did I realize　　C. I didn‘t realize　D. I realize 3)---D yu knw Tm bught a new car? ----I dn't knw, ___. 　A. nr dn't I care　 B. nr d I care　 　C. I dn't care neither　D. I dn't care als 4) ---Jhn was lucky enugh t pass the exam yesterday. ---- I did B.Nr I was C.S I was D.S was I